Eye rolling can be a common, everyday expression, leading some to wonder if it could be a sign of a seizure. While involuntary eye movements do occur during seizures, typical eye rolling, a deliberate action, is not usually a standalone indicator of a seizure. Seizure-related eye movements are distinct and generally accompanied by other neurological changes, distinguishing them from a casual eye roll. This distinction is important for understanding how seizures manifest.
Understanding Eye Movements During Seizures
Eye movements during a seizure are involuntary and stem from abnormal electrical activity in the brain affecting the regions that control eye muscles. One type of movement is tonic upward gaze, where the eyes fixate upwards. Another is nystagmus, characterized by rapid, repetitive, uncontrolled eye movements, which can be horizontal, vertical, or rotational.
Staring spells, often seen in absence seizures, involve a blank stare for a brief period, lasting 5 to 10 seconds. Eye deviation, where the eyes turn forcefully to one side, is also a common occurrence, particularly in focal-onset seizures. These eye movements are not voluntary and occur with other symptoms. For instance, in versive seizures, forced rotation of the head and eyes to a specific side can be observed.
Other Indicators of a Seizure
Since eye movements alone are rarely a definitive sign, other symptoms provide important context for identifying a seizure. Convulsions, involving jerking or stiffening of the body, are recognized indicators. A person may experience a sudden loss of consciousness or awareness, appearing confused or dazed during or after the event.
Some individuals might exhibit repetitive, non-purposeful movements called automatisms, such as lip smacking, chewing, hand rubbing, or fumbling with clothes. Changes in breathing, unusual sensations like tingling or numbness, or altered emotions such as sudden fear or anxiety can also occur. A combination of these symptoms suggests a seizure is taking place.
Responding to a Suspected Seizure
If someone is suspected of having a seizure, remain calm and ensure their safety. Time the seizure’s duration, as this information aids medical professionals. Clear the area around the person to remove any harmful objects, and place something soft, like a jacket, under their head to prevent injury.
Do not attempt to restrain the person or place anything in their mouth, as this can cause harm. Loosen any tight clothing around their neck to aid breathing. Call emergency services if:
- The seizure lasts longer than five minutes.
- It is the person’s first seizure.
- They have repeated seizures without full recovery.
- They are injured during the seizure.
- They have difficulty breathing after the seizure stops.