Esophageal dilation is a common medical procedure that stretches a narrowed esophagus, the tube connecting your throat to your stomach. Its goal is to improve swallowing and alleviate symptoms caused by esophageal narrowing.
Understanding Esophageal Dilation
Esophageal dilation widens constricted sections of the esophagus. This narrowing, known as a stricture, can result from various conditions, making it difficult to swallow food and liquids. Common causes include scarring from chronic acid reflux (peptic strictures), Schatzki’s rings (abnormal tissue rings), achalasia (a condition affecting the muscle ring at the bottom of the esophagus), and eosinophilic esophagitis (an inflammatory condition caused by environmental triggers).
During this outpatient procedure, a healthcare provider uses an endoscope, a thin, flexible tube with a camera, to visualize the esophagus. Various methods stretch the narrowed area, including inflating a balloon through the endoscope or using progressively larger plastic dilators (bougies) over a guidewire. The chosen method depends on the stricture’s characteristics. The procedure typically takes 15 to 30 minutes.
Managing Discomfort During and After the Procedure
Patients undergoing esophageal dilation receive sedation or anesthesia to ensure comfort and minimize awareness. A local anesthetic spray may also numb the throat. While some might feel mild pressure in their chest or throat during dilation, sedation generally makes them unaware or minimally aware of these sensations, allowing the procedure to be performed safely and with reduced discomfort.
Immediately following the procedure, mild discomfort is common. This can include a sore throat, lasting a day or two, or mild pain or pressure behind the breastbone or in the chest. These sensations are usually temporary and can often be managed with over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen. Healthcare providers will advise on specific pain management strategies. While some soreness is expected, severe pain is not typical and should be reported immediately.
Recovery and Post-Procedure Expectations
Most individuals can resume regular routines the day after esophageal dilation. Mild discomfort typically subsides within a day or two. Rest as needed after returning home. For the first 24 hours, avoid strenuous activities and heavy lifting. Dietary modifications are often suggested, starting with clear liquids and soft foods for 12 to 24 hours, with a gradual return to a normal diet as tolerated.
While esophageal dilation is generally safe, be aware of signs and symptoms that warrant immediate medical attention. Contact a healthcare provider if you experience fever, severe chest pain, or difficulty breathing. Other warning signs include vomiting blood or material resembling coffee grounds, or black, tarry, or bloody stools. These symptoms could indicate a rare but serious complication, such as an esophageal tear or perforation, requiring prompt evaluation.