Dracaena fragrans, often recognized as the Corn Plant or Mass Cane, is a popular houseplant. While typically grown for its leaves, this plant can sometimes produce small, berry-like fruits, leading many to question their edibility. This article explores Dracaena fragrans and its fruit, addressing important safety considerations.
Understanding Dracaena Fragrans
Dracaena fragrans is a slow-growing, broadleaf evergreen shrub native to tropical Africa. It is commonly called the Corn Plant due to its tall, unbranched stem resembling a corn stalk, topped with broad, strap-like leaves. The leaves are typically glossy green, often variegated with yellow or white stripes, and can grow up to 2 feet long indoors.
This plant is a popular indoor choice due to its low-maintenance requirements and ability to tolerate various indoor conditions, including lower light levels. Beyond its aesthetic appeal, Dracaena fragrans is also known for its air-purifying qualities, helping to remove common indoor pollutants. It thrives in indirect light and consistently moist, well-drained soil.
The Fruit of Dracaena Fragrans
While Dracaena fragrans is known for its fragrant, white-yellow flowers, fruit production is relatively rare, especially for indoor plants. These small flowers appear in panicles. If pollination occurs, these flowers can be followed by the development of berries. The fruit is a small, round, berry-like structure, typically orange-red in color. These berries usually measure between 0.39 to 0.79 inches (1 to 2 cm) in length and contain multiple seeds.
Edibility and Toxicity Concerns
The fruit of Dracaena fragrans, along with other parts of the plant, is not edible for humans or pets and is considered toxic. The plant contains compounds known as saponins, which cause irritation when ingested. For humans, ingesting even small amounts of the plant, including the fruit, may lead to mild symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, or an upset stomach.
Pets, particularly cats and dogs, are more susceptible to the toxic effects. Symptoms in pets can include vomiting, which may occasionally contain blood, excessive drooling, loss of appetite, depression, and weakness. Cats may also exhibit dilated pupils. The severity of symptoms can depend on the amount ingested and the pet’s body weight.
What to Do in Case of Ingestion
If a human or pet ingests any part of the Dracaena fragrans plant, including its fruit, immediate professional attention is important. For humans, contact a local poison control center or seek medical advice promptly. Be prepared to provide details about the plant part ingested, the estimated quantity, and when the ingestion occurred.
For pets, contact your veterinarian or a pet poison helpline without delay. The ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center can be reached at (888) 426-4435, and the Pet Poison Helpline at (855) 764-7661. When calling, be ready to describe the symptoms your pet is experiencing, the specific part of the plant they ate, and the approximate amount. Early intervention can help manage symptoms and prevent more severe complications like dehydration.
Preventative Measures
To prevent accidental ingestion of Dracaena fragrans and its fruit, especially in households with children or pets, placement is important. Position the plant in areas that are out of reach, such as on high shelves or in hanging planters. Regularly remove any fallen leaves or berries to eliminate potential temptations.
Supervising children and pets when they are near houseplants can also help prevent incidents. Teaching children not to touch or eat plants without adult supervision is a good practice. For pets, providing alternative, safe chew toys and enriching their environment can deter them from nibbling on houseplants.