Dogwood trees are a familiar sight, known for their distinctive blossoms and colorful fruits. The appearance of these berries frequently prompts questions about their edibility. This article clarifies which dogwood fruits are safe to consume.
Which Dogwood Fruits are Edible?
Many dogwood species exist, but only a select few produce edible fruits. The Cornelian Cherry Dogwood, scientifically known as Cornus mas, is one such species, yielding small, oblong fruits that ripen to a deep red color. These cherry-like fruits typically measure about half an inch to one inch in length and contain a single large pit.
Another dogwood variety with edible fruit is the Kousa Dogwood, or Cornus kousa. Its fruits are distinct, often appearing as reddish-pink, globular berries with a bumpy texture, roughly one inch in diameter. When fully ripe, the flesh of the Kousa dogwood fruit becomes soft and custard-like. In contrast, the fruits of the common Flowering Dogwood (Cornus florida) are bright red, oval, and shiny but are generally not considered palatable due to their mealy texture and bitter taste.
Taste and Nutritional Benefits
The flavor profile of edible dogwood fruits varies depending on the species and ripeness. Cornelian cherries (Cornus mas) are notably tart when firm, with a flavor often described as a cross between a tart cherry and a cranberry. As they fully ripen and soften, their sweetness increases. These fruits are rich in Vitamin C.
Kousa dogwood fruits (Cornus kousa), when perfectly ripe, offer a unique taste that is often likened to a blend of persimmon, strawberry, and sometimes banana. Their texture is creamy and soft. Both Cornelian cherry and Kousa dogwood fruits contain antioxidants, which are beneficial compounds that help protect the body’s cells.
Important Safety Considerations
Consuming any wild fruit requires positive identification. It is important to be absolutely certain of the dogwood species before consuming its fruit, as misidentification could lead to ingesting unpalatable or potentially harmful berries. Only the fleshy pulp of edible dogwood fruits should be consumed. The large seeds or pits within both Cornelian cherry and Kousa dogwood fruits are not intended for consumption.
Harvesting ripe fruit is important for optimal taste and texture. Cornelian cherries are best picked when they are soft to the touch and have a deep red hue, often falling from the tree. Kousa dogwood fruits are ripe when their skin is fully colored and the fruit feels very soft. While the flesh can be eaten raw, some prefer to remove the seeds and process the fruit into jams, jellies, or sauces, which can enhance their flavor and usability. Other parts of the dogwood plant, such as the leaves, bark, or branches, are not meant for human consumption.