Distylium is an evergreen shrub often referred to as Chinese Fringeflower, which has gained popularity as a substitute for traditional foundation plants like boxwood or holly. This shrub is native to East and Southeast Asia and belongs to the witch hazel family, Hamamelidaceae. The genus Distylium comprises many hybrids developed for landscape use, offering a range of sizes and foliage colors. Distylium is generally considered highly resistant to deer browsing, making it a reliable choice for gardens with wildlife pressure.
Specific Plant Attributes That Deter Deer
The primary defense mechanism of Distylium against deer is rooted in the physical and chemical properties of its foliage. Deer are selective feeders, and they often avoid plants that present a difficult texture or an unpalatable taste. Distylium leaves are characteristically leathery, dense, and fine-textured, which makes them physically tough to chew and digest. This firm, robust leaf structure is a significant deterrent to browsing deer, who typically prefer softer, more succulent vegetation.
In addition to the physical deterrent, the leaves contain natural compounds that contribute to their low palatability. Many broadleaf evergreens, especially those with leathery foliage, contain high concentrations of secondary metabolites like tannins. These compounds can impart a bitter or astringent taste, signaling to the deer that the plant is not a preferred food source. This combination of a tough texture and unappealing flavor profile places Distylium on most lists of highly deer-resistant plants.
Factors That Can Affect Deer Resistance
The term “deer resistant” does not equate to “deer proof.” The resistance of Distylium can be compromised by several external and environmental factors, primarily those relating to deer hunger. In periods of extreme winter pressure, deep snow cover, or drought, a deer’s normal food sources may become scarce. This scarcity leads them to browse plants they would typically avoid, meaning even highly resistant plants like Distylium can suffer damage.
The maturity of the plant also introduces a variable in its resistance profile. New growth that emerges in the spring or on recently planted shrubs is often softer and more succulent than the mature, leathery foliage. This tender new growth may be more tempting to deer, particularly fawns, who are more likely to sample a wider variety of plants. Regional differences in deer population density and the availability of alternative forage can also influence whether deer choose to browse Distylium.
Using Distylium in Deer-Prone Gardens
Distylium is a versatile shrub that adapts well to various garden conditions, aiding its successful placement in deer-heavy areas. It thrives in well-drained soil and tolerates a range of light from full sun to partial shade. Cultivars such as ‘Emerald Heights,’ ‘Coppertone,’ and ‘Vintage Jade’ are all noted for their resistance and are popular alternatives to less resilient shrubs.
Gardeners can strategically use Distylium to protect more vulnerable plantings within the landscape. Its dense growth habit makes it an excellent choice for foundation plantings, hedges, or screens. Planting Distylium varieties with a spreading or mounding habit, like ‘Cinnamon Girl,’ along the perimeter of the garden can create a less appealing physical barrier. New plantings, however, should be given temporary protection with repellents or physical caging until the foliage has fully matured.