Deep scaling, also known as scaling and root planing, is a dental procedure often recommended when standard cleanings are insufficient. Understanding its purpose and the conditions it addresses can help clarify its role in maintaining oral health.
Understanding Deep Scaling
Deep scaling is a non-surgical dental procedure designed to thoroughly clean the surfaces of teeth and their roots. It involves two main components: scaling and root planing. Scaling focuses on removing plaque and tartar from both above and below the gum line. This process extends deep into the periodontal pockets that can form between gums and teeth.
Following scaling, root planing is performed to smooth the tooth roots. This smoothing helps to remove any remaining bacterial toxins and rough spots where bacteria could easily reattach. Root planing encourages the gum tissue to reattach more firmly to the cleaned tooth surfaces. This comprehensive approach goes beyond a typical cleaning, which primarily addresses plaque and tartar above the gum line.
When Deep Scaling Becomes Necessary
Deep scaling becomes necessary when an individual develops periodontal disease, particularly beyond its earliest stage, gingivitis. This condition, also known as gum disease, occurs when plaque and tartar accumulate below the gum line. This buildup leads to inflammation of the gums, causing them to pull away from the teeth and form deepened spaces called periodontal pockets.
Dentists assess the depth of these pockets using a periodontal probe; pockets measuring four millimeters or deeper often indicate the need for deep scaling. Other indicators include persistent bad breath, red, swollen, or bleeding gums, and gum recession. Left unaddressed, the bacteria within these pockets can cause further damage, including the destruction of the bone supporting the teeth.
Risks of Not Undergoing Deep Scaling
Choosing to forego recommended deep scaling can lead to the progressive worsening of periodontal disease. Untreated inflammation and bacterial infection below the gum line can cause further destruction of the supporting bone structure around teeth. This bone loss can result in teeth becoming loose and, eventually, lead to tooth loss. The deepening pockets also become more challenging to clean effectively with regular oral hygiene practices.
Beyond oral health, untreated periodontal disease has been associated with broader systemic health concerns. The bacteria and chronic inflammation from the gums can enter the bloodstream, potentially impacting other parts of the body. Research suggests connections between severe gum disease and an increased risk for conditions such as cardiovascular disease and difficulties in managing diabetes.
The Deep Scaling Procedure and Recovery
The deep scaling procedure begins with local anesthesia to ensure patient comfort. Dental professionals use specialized instruments, including ultrasonic devices and hand scalers, to meticulously remove plaque and tartar. Ultrasonic scalers use high-frequency vibrations and water to dislodge deposits, while hand scalers are used for fine-tuning and reaching specific areas. The procedure may be completed in one visit or across multiple appointments, depending on the extent of treatment needed.
Following the procedure, temporary side effects include sensitivity to temperature and mild soreness or bleeding of the gums. These symptoms subside within a few days to a few weeks. Patients receive aftercare instructions, which include gentle oral hygiene practices, avoiding certain foods, and using an antimicrobial mouthwash or taking prescribed antibiotics. Regular follow-up appointments monitor healing and ensure the continued health of the gums.