Creeping Phlox (Phlox subulata) is a popular, low-growing ground cover known for its dense foliage and spectacular, carpet-like bloom in the spring. Gardeners often choose this plant for its beauty, but they frequently ask whether this perennial is considered a food source for deer. While no plant is truly deer-proof, Creeping Phlox is generally classified as deer resistant.
Inherent Deer Resistance of Creeping Phlox
Creeping Phlox is not a preferred food source for deer, a characteristic rooted in its physical and chemical makeup. The plant’s resistance is largely attributed to its unique foliage structure. The leaves are small, narrow, and possess a tough, needle-like texture that makes them unappealing to a deer’s palate. Deer are browsers that prefer soft, easily digestible leaves, which the dense, semi-evergreen foliage of Phlox subulata does not provide. Furthermore, Phlox species contain natural compounds that contribute to their resistance. These chemicals, often bitter or strongly scented, prompt deer to seek more favorable forage elsewhere. Rutgers University classifies Creeping Phlox as seldom severely damaged, confirming its low-preference status.
Situational Factors Affecting Deer Foraging
While Creeping Phlox has a natural defense system, “deer resistant” does not mean “deer proof.” External environmental and population factors can override a deer’s natural aversion. The primary cause of browsing on resistant plants is high deer pressure, occurring when local populations are dense and competition for food is intense. When preferred food sources become scarce, especially during environmental stress like drought or severe winter, deer become less selective. The immediate need for calories outweighs the unpleasant taste or texture of the phlox. Deer may also be attracted to the tender, new growth that emerges in early spring, which is softer and less chemically concentrated than the mature foliage.
Strategies for Protecting Phlox from Deer Damage
If deer are sampling Creeping Phlox despite its natural resistance, gardeners can employ several strategies to protect their plants. Repellents offer a common solution, typically falling into two categories: taste-based and scent-based.
Repellents
Taste-based commercial products often contain ingredients like putrescent whole egg solids or thiram, which create a foul taste and condition the deer to avoid the plant. Scent-based repellents mimic the smell of predators or use highly offensive odors, such as bone tar oil, to signal danger. For the best result, it is important to alternate between different types of repellents, as deer can quickly become accustomed to a single scent or taste.
Physical and Companion Strategies
Temporary physical barriers, such as lightweight netting or small wire fencing, can also be deployed during vulnerable periods like early spring when new growth is exposed. Companion planting is another strategy, where Creeping Phlox is grouped with strongly aromatic plants like lavender or yarrow, whose fragrances can help mask the phlox and deter browsing deer.