Sunburn is a common skin reaction resulting from overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, primarily from the sun. This exposure triggers an inflammatory response in the skin, leading to redness, pain, and discomfort. Many people wonder if topical cortisone creams can offer relief for these symptoms.
Understanding Sunburn and Cortisone
Sunburn occurs when skin cells absorb too much UV radiation, causing damage to their genetic material. This damage initiates a cellular response, which leads to inflammation, causing redness, pain, and swelling.
Cortisone, a type of corticosteroid, functions as an anti-inflammatory agent. It works to suppress the production of inflammatory chemicals and reduce the activity of immune cells.
Cortisone’s Role in Sunburn Relief
Cortisone creams, particularly over-the-counter hydrocortisone with a low potency of 0.5% or 1%, can offer some symptomatic relief for mild sunburns. Their anti-inflammatory properties can help reduce redness, swelling, and itching by constricting blood vessels and blocking inflammatory chemical reactions in the skin. Applying cortisone early, ideally within six hours of sun exposure, may enhance its effectiveness in reducing symptoms.
However, the benefits of topical corticosteroids for sunburn are not consistently demonstrated across all studies, with some indicating minimal or no clinically significant effect on the acute sunburn reaction. These creams do not repair the underlying DNA or RNA damage caused by UV radiation, serving only as a temporary measure for symptom management. Cortisone is not recommended for severe sunburns characterized by blistering, widespread skin involvement, or open wounds, as it may increase the risk of infection and delay the healing process. Prolonged or improper use, especially on thin or broken skin, can lead to side effects such as skin thinning, stretch marks, or rosacea-like eruptions.
Alternative Approaches for Sunburn Care
Beyond cortisone, several methods can provide effective relief for sunburn symptoms. Applying cool compresses or taking cool baths and showers can help soothe the skin and reduce inflammation. After a cool bath, leaving some water on the skin before applying a moisturizer can help retain moisture.
Moisturizers containing aloe vera or soy are recommended for their hydrating and soothing properties. Avoid petroleum-based products on severe burns, as they can trap heat. Drinking plenty of water is also important to counteract dehydration, which can be exacerbated by sunburn. Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, can help manage pain and swelling. Protecting the sunburned area from further sun exposure is important until the skin has fully healed.