Essential oils are highly concentrated plant extracts that contain potent aromatic compounds. Applying them directly to the skin can cause irritation, sensitization, or even chemical burns due to their intense concentration. Carrier oils, which are fatty, non-volatile vegetable oils, are required to dilute these compounds for safe topical use and aid in their absorption. Whether coconut oil is a suitable and effective option depends entirely on the specific type of coconut oil used.
The Role of Carrier Oils in Application
Carrier oils serve as a necessary buffer between the potent essential oil and the skin. They surround the concentrated molecules, reducing their rate of evaporation and slowing down penetration, which minimizes the risk of adverse dermal reactions such as redness or irritation. Carrier oils also allow for a more even application across a larger surface area, offering moisturizing and nourishing benefits while conditioning the skin.
Fractionated Versus Virgin Coconut Oil: Making the Right Choice
The term “coconut oil” refers to two distinctly different products when discussing carrier oils. Virgin coconut oil (VCO), also known as unrefined coconut oil, is extracted directly from the fresh meat of the coconut. This oil is solid at room temperature, typically below 76 degrees Fahrenheit, and retains a noticeable coconut aroma. The presence of long-chain fatty acids gives VCO its heavy texture, making it a less preferred choice for widespread aromatherapy application.
Fractionated coconut oil (FCO) is made by heating VCO and removing the long-chain triglycerides. This process leaves behind the medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs), primarily caprylic and capric acid. FCO remains liquid at all temperatures, is completely colorless and odorless, and has an indefinite shelf life because the components most prone to oxidation have been removed. FCO is the preferred choice for a carrier oil due to these altered physical and chemical properties.
Evaluating Coconut Oil’s Performance as a Carrier
Fractionated coconut oil is highly valued in aromatherapy blends because its neutral characteristics allow the essential oil’s aroma to dominate. Unlike other carrier oils that may possess a strong natural scent, FCO does not interfere with the intended fragrance or therapeutic profile of the blend. Its composition of MCTs contributes to its light texture and rapid absorption rate into the skin.
This quick absorption means FCO leaves a non-greasy or non-staining feel, which is beneficial for massage and daily topical application. The stability of FCO ensures the final blended product maintains its quality over a long period. A consideration is its comedogenic rating, which indicates its potential to clog pores. While VCO has a higher rating, FCO’s refined nature gives it a lower score, but it may still be less suitable for those with severely acne-prone or oily skin.
Safe Dilution Practices
Proper dilution is necessary to ensure the safe and effective topical use of any essential oil blend. For general adult use, a standard dilution is typically 2-3%, which translates to about 12 to 18 drops of essential oil per one ounce of carrier oil. For sensitive skin, children, or facial applications, a lower dilution of 0.5-1% is recommended, approximately 3 to 6 drops per one ounce of carrier.
Before applying a new blend widely, perform a patch test on a small, inconspicuous area of skin, such as the inner forearm, and wait 24 hours to check for any adverse reaction. Diluted blends should be stored in dark glass bottles away from direct heat and sunlight to maintain the integrity and potency of the essential oils.