Cleyera (Ternstroemia gymnanthera) is a prized broadleaf evergreen shrub, valued for its dense, upright habit and glossy, dark green leaves. It is a popular alternative to other common evergreens due to its adaptability to various growing conditions. For gardeners dealing with wildlife, a frequent question is whether this attractive shrub can withstand foraging pressure. Understanding Cleyera’s natural defenses helps determine its suitability for specific locations.
Cleyera’s Resistance Profile
Cleyera is generally an undesirable food source for deer, consistently earning a rating of “rarely damaged” on horticultural resistance scales. This defense is rooted in the physical properties of its mature foliage. Deer are deterred by the tough, leathery texture of the leaves, making the plant difficult to chew and digest compared to softer vegetation. The large, waxy, evergreen leaves lack the appealing scent or flavor that deer seek. While no plant is entirely deer-proof, Cleyera’s characteristics make it a reliable choice for minimizing damage in areas with moderate deer activity.
Factors Influencing Deer Palatability
Despite its high resistance rating, Cleyera may still be browsed under specific environmental pressures.
Food Scarcity
The most significant factor is extreme food scarcity, typically occurring during severe winter periods or prolonged drought. When preferred food sources are unavailable, deer will consume nearly any woody material to survive, temporarily overriding their natural distaste for Cleyera’s tough leaves.
Population Density
Regional factors, such as high deer population density, also contribute to increased browsing pressure on less palatable plants. In areas where the population exceeds the habitat’s carrying capacity, resistance ratings become less reliable as deer are forced to expand their diet.
Vulnerability of New Growth
A third factor is the vulnerability of new growth, which is often softer and more brightly colored than the mature foliage. The young stems and newly emerging leaves are frequently a bronze or reddish hue and are significantly more tender. This new flush provides a temporary, more palatable food source that deer may sample, even if they reject the older, dark green leaves.
Protective Measures for High-Pressure Areas
For gardeners in areas with persistent deer issues, relying solely on Cleyera’s natural resistance may not be sufficient.
Physical Barriers
The most effective method for complete exclusion is installing a physical barrier, such as a fence at least eight feet tall. This height is necessary because deer can easily jump lower fences. Temporary caging can also protect young, vulnerable shrubs until they mature.
Chemical Repellents
Chemical repellents offer a practical short-term solution, particularly those formulated with putrid egg solids or capsaicin, which deter deer through taste and smell. These products must be applied thoroughly to the foliage and require diligent reapplication every four to six weeks, or after significant rainfall. Rotating between two different types of repellents prevents deer from becoming accustomed to a single formula.
Strategic Placement
Strategic planting can also enhance Cleyera’s protection without the need for tall fencing. Placing the shrubs close to the home, patio, or areas of frequent human activity naturally deters timid deer from browsing. Alternatively, planting Cleyera alongside plants that possess a strong aroma or bitter taste, such as lavender or boxwood, creates a protective buffer.