Chiropractic neurology (CN) is a specialized field focusing on the non-invasive rehabilitation of the nervous system. This specialty approaches neurological issues from a functional perspective, examining how the brain and nerves process information and control the body. To understand the validity of CN, this examination explores its scope, the required training, and the evidence supporting its clinical applications.
Defining Chiropractic Neurology
Chiropractic neurology, often called functional neurology, is a branch of clinical science focused on how the nervous system works, rather than strictly on anatomical pathology. This approach differs from traditional chiropractic, which primarily addresses structural issues of the spine and musculoskeletal system. Functional neurologists assess the connectivity and processing capabilities of the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves.
The focus is on identifying areas of the nervous system that are under- or over-performing, known as functional lesions. Practitioners use non-invasive methods to improve neural pathway function. Conditions commonly addressed include balance disorders, movement disorders, persistent post-concussion symptoms, and vertigo.
The field is distinct from medical neurology, which manages diseases like multiple sclerosis or stroke using pharmaceutical or surgical interventions. Chiropractic neurologists do not prescribe medication or perform surgery. They offer a rehabilitative pathway, using the body’s sensory and motor systems to stimulate and reorganize neurological function.
The Specialized Training and Credentialing
Becoming a board-certified chiropractic neurologist requires post-doctoral training beyond the standard Doctor of Chiropractic (DC) degree. A chiropractor must complete a post-graduate program, typically encompassing a minimum of 300 hours of coursework in clinical neurology. This education covers neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, neurodiagnostics, and clinical applications.
This specialty training culminates in board certification administered by the American Chiropractic Neurology Board (ACNB). Candidates must successfully pass a written and a practical examination to earn the credential, Diplomate of the American Chiropractic Neurology Board (DACNB). The ACNB is an autonomous certifying agency accredited by the National Commission for Certifying Agencies (NCCA).
Achieving the DACNB credential signifies that the practitioner has met a high standard of competency in the specialty. This certification must be maintained through ongoing continuing education and regular recertification requirements. The small number of practitioners who complete this training, generally fewer than 500 board-certified DACNBs, reflects the specialized nature of the field.
Scientific Principles and Clinical Application
The scientific foundation of chiropractic neurology is rooted in neuroplasticity—the nervous system’s ability to change its structure and function in response to environmental input. Functional neurologists utilize targeted sensory and motor input to drive positive reorganization within the brain. This therapeutic approach stimulates specific neural circuits to strengthen weak pathways or calm overactive ones.
Clinical application begins with a functional neurological assessment to locate specific deficits. Practitioners use specialized tools to evaluate systems like eye movements, balance, posture, and coordination, looking for markers of neurological under-activity. For example, eye-tracking tests can reveal issues in the brainstem or cerebellar pathways that control gaze stabilization.
Treatment involves specific, non-invasive therapies designed to influence the identified areas of dysfunction. Examples of targeted interventions include gaze stabilization exercises, specific sensory stimulation to a limb, or vestibular rehabilitation exercises. Even a spinal adjustment may be used as a calibrated sensory input to stimulate a corresponding area of the brain. The goal is to enhance brain function and promote beneficial neuroplastic change.
Independent Review and Professional Recognition
The legitimacy of chiropractic neurology is assessed by its independent review and professional acceptance. The ACNB’s accreditation by the NCCA, an independent third party, validates the credentialing process as adhering to recognized standards of examination and certification. This provides a strong measure of professional credibility for the specialty.
The research supporting specific interventions used in functional neurology is developing. Certain techniques, such as vestibular rehabilitation for balance and dizziness, show promising outcomes in case series and feasibility studies. The effectiveness of integrating targeted sensory and motor activities with chiropractic care has been documented in small studies.
Chiropractic neurologists often work in a complementary manner with medical professionals. They offer a rehabilitative, non-drug approach to improve the function of the nervous system, rather than providing pharmacological or surgical management. Continued validation of this specialty depends on the publication of more large-scale, controlled clinical trials to establish the efficacy of its therapeutic methods.