Chewing on writing implements, such as pencils, pens, or erasers, is a common habit that often begins unconsciously during moments of deep concentration or stress. Though it may seem like a harmless quirk, introducing foreign objects into the mouth carries a range of potential hazards. This behavior can damage the oral structure and expose the body to various material and ingestion risks. Understanding the underlying reasons for the habit and the specific dangers involved offers a clearer path toward stopping it.
Dental and Oral Health Consequences
The hard nature of wood and plastic writing tools creates significant mechanical stress on the teeth and jaw structure. Repetitive biting on these objects applies constant pressure that can wear down the protective enamel layer. This wear makes teeth more vulnerable to sensitivity and decay over time.
Biting down suddenly on a hard object can result in a chipped, cracked, or fractured tooth, especially if the tooth has a weak spot or a large filling. Existing dental work, such as crowns, veneers, or fillings, can be compromised or dislodged by the pressure. The continuous, forceful motion of chewing also strains the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), which can lead to jaw pain, headaches, and dysfunction.
Material Hazards and Ingestion Risks
A common historical concern is lead poisoning, but modern pencil cores are made from non-toxic graphite mixed with clay. The primary chemical risk comes instead from the colorful exterior coatings. Many pencils, particularly inexpensive or imported varieties, may contain heavy metals like cadmium, arsenic, or mercury in their paint or varnish. Continually gnawing on these surfaces can cause small amounts of these toxic substances to be ingested.
The plastic components of pens and mechanical pencils also introduce risks. Some plastics contain chemicals like Bisphenol A (BPA) or phthalates, which are used to make plastics flexible. Phthalates can interfere with the body’s endocrine system, affecting hormone balance. While modern pen ink is minimally toxic in small amounts, ingesting it can cause temporary stomach upset or staining.
The most significant risk is the transfer of pathogens and bacteria directly into the mouth. Writing implements are frequently placed on contaminated surfaces like desks, floors, or in shared containers, picking up viruses and bacteria. Objects like pencils can harbor high concentrations of bacteria, including E. coli or Staphylococcus. Chewing on these items creates a direct route for these germs to enter the body, increasing the potential for illness.
Understanding the Root of the Habit
The habit of chewing on objects is often rooted in a psychological need for sensory input or self-regulation. Many people engage in this behavior as a coping mechanism to manage stress or anxiety. The repetitive, rhythmic action provides a physical outlet for nervous energy, which can be soothing during tense situations.
The behavior is also linked to aiding concentration and focus. For some, the oral stimulation acts as a mild distraction that allows the brain to better process tasks requiring deep thought. This tendency is often classified as an oral fixation, a reflex that provides comfort and sensory fulfillment. The habit may also simply be a response to boredom or a subconscious way to occupy the mouth.
Practical Steps for Cessation
The most straightforward way to stop the habit is by implementing substitution techniques that redirect the chewing impulse. Chewing gum, sugar-free hard candies, or designated “chew tools” made from safe, food-grade silicone can satisfy the oral need without damaging teeth. Carrying a stress ball or a fidget toy can also provide an alternative sensory outlet for nervous energy.
Environmental changes can help break the subconscious cycle. This includes switching to metal pens or using writing tools that are completely encased in a non-chewable material. Some individuals find success by applying a clear, bitter-tasting nail polish, which is non-toxic but creates an unpleasant taste upon contact, acting as a behavioral deterrent. Identifying specific triggers, such as stress or a particular work environment, allows for a mindful approach to managing the habit before the object reaches the mouth.