Chamomile, a daisy-like herb, has a long history of traditional use for various ailments, including respiratory issues. This herb, primarily the German chamomile species, is often sought after by people looking for a gentle, natural way to soothe coughs and related discomfort. Current understanding of chamomile’s chemical makeup suggests it may offer relief through several biological actions. This potential is why it remains a popular home remedy for those experiencing irritation in their throat and airways.
How Chamomile’s Properties Address Coughing
The potential for chamomile to ease a cough lies in its complex collection of bioactive compounds, including flavonoids and terpenoids. Key components, such as the flavonoid apigenin and the sesquiterpene chamazulene, contribute to the herb’s anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic reputation. These actions can help calm a persistent cough.
The anti-inflammatory action is relevant for coughs caused by irritation or a cold, where the throat and airways are inflamed. Compounds like chamazulene and apigenin modulate inflammatory pathways, inhibiting the production of certain inflammatory mediators. This reduces the swelling and irritation of the mucous membranes lining the respiratory tract, which often triggers the cough reflex.
Chamomile also exhibits antispasmodic properties, meaning it can help relax smooth muscles. A dry or tickly cough is often the result of spasms in the muscles of the respiratory passages. By easing this muscular tension, particularly in the bronchial tubes, chamomile may help to quiet a non-productive, irritating cough.
Methods for Using Chamomile for Respiratory Relief
One of the simplest ways to use the herb is by preparing it as an herbal tea infusion for internal use. To make chamomile tea, steep two teaspoons of dried flowers or one tea bag in eight ounces of hot water for five to seven minutes. Steeping longer may extract more beneficial compounds but can result in a bitter taste. Adding honey can further soothe the throat and complement the tea’s mild flavor.
A highly effective method for respiratory relief is steam inhalation using dried chamomile flowers. This application directly delivers the herb’s volatile essential oils to the inflamed mucous membranes of the nose, sinuses, and throat. For a steam bath, steep two tablespoons of chamomile flowers in two liters of hot water, ideally no hotter than 176°F (80°C) to prevent scalding. Cover your head and the bowl with a towel and breathe deeply for five to ten minutes, allowing the warm vapor to break up mucus and calm inflammation.
Chamomile can also be used as a gargle to directly soothe a sore throat contributing to the cough. A strong chamomile tea, prepared and then cooled, can be gargled several times a day. This topical application allows the anti-inflammatory agents to act directly on the irritated tissues in the back of the throat. This method is useful for relieving discomfort associated with post-nasal drip or pharyngeal irritation.
Safety Considerations and Interactions
While chamomile is widely considered safe, important safety factors must be considered before using it for medicinal purposes. Individuals with known allergies to plants in the Asteraceae family, such as ragweed or chrysanthemums, have an increased risk of an allergic reaction to chamomile. These reactions can range from skin irritation to severe hypersensitivity responses.
Chamomile contains trace amounts of coumarins, naturally occurring compounds that can affect blood clotting. Because of this, it may interact with blood-thinning medications, such as warfarin, potentially increasing the risk of bleeding. If you are taking any anticoagulant or antiplatelet drug, consult a healthcare provider before incorporating chamomile into your routine.
The herb is also known for its mild sedative effects, which may enhance the effects of other sedatives, anti-anxiety, or psychotropic medications. The safety of using chamomile during pregnancy is not well established, and some studies suggest potential risks like uterine stimulation in large doses. For these reasons, and when considering its use for infants or young children, seeking medical advice is best.