Nepeta cataria, commonly known as catnip, is a perennial herb belonging to the mint family, recognized widely for the stimulating effect it has on felines. While the plant is generally categorized as low-toxicity for humans, it is not recommended for consumption by infants or young children. Given the differences in body mass and metabolic processes, any exposure in an infant warrants immediate caution and medical guidance.
How Catnip Affects the Human Body
The herb’s effects on the human body are significantly different from the well-known behavioral response observed in cats. The primary active component, an essential oil called nepetalactone, interacts with the nervous system in a way that is generally calming for people. Traditional medicine has historically utilized catnip for its mild carminative and nervine properties.
In humans, the compounds in catnip are thought to act as a mild sedative, promoting relaxation and occasionally aiding in the relief of digestive discomfort. This effect is why the herb has been used for centuries to address issues like anxiety, colic, and nervous stomach.
Symptoms and Severity of Accidental Ingestion
Accidental ingestion of catnip by an infant typically results in mild gastrointestinal symptoms due to the herb’s fibrous nature and mild laxative effect. Parents may observe signs such as mild stomach discomfort, nausea, or a loose stool following exposure.
A greater concern arises from the potential for central nervous system effects, particularly with larger or concentrated exposures. Symptoms of increased concern include unusual drowsiness, lethargy, or marked irritability and sluggishness. While catnip is not classified as highly toxic, any neurological changes in an infant should be considered a serious medical event that requires professional assessment.
Understanding Common Sources of Exposure
Infants and toddlers are most often exposed to catnip through common household items that contain the dried herb. The most frequent sources are residues found on cat toys, scratch posts, or from ingesting dried leaves if the plant is grown in a home garden. In these instances, the amount of catnip consumed is usually small, resulting in minimal risk.
A significantly higher hazard is associated with concentrated forms of the herb, which contain a much greater dose of nepetalactone. These concentrated forms include herbal teas, tinctures, extracts, and especially catnip essential oils. Preventing access to these high-concentration products is a primary safety measure.
Immediate Steps Following Exposure
The most important step following any suspected catnip exposure in an infant is to remain calm and immediately contact a poison control center. In the United States, the national helpline (1-800-222-1222) provides expert guidance 24 hours a day. It is essential to call them even if the child appears completely fine, as symptoms can sometimes be delayed.
While waiting for instructions, remove any remaining plant material from the child’s mouth or immediate vicinity and keep a sample of the substance for identification. If the child is exhibiting severe symptoms, such as difficulty breathing, seizures, or passing out, bypass the helpline and call emergency services (911) immediately.