Calathea plants are celebrated for their spectacularly patterned foliage, but they are generally not easy to care for. Their unique habit of folding up their leaves at night and unfurling them in the morning earned them the common name “Prayer Plants.” Originating from the understory of tropical rainforests in Central and South America, Calatheas demand an environment that closely mimics their native, shaded, and consistently humid habitat. Successfully growing one requires careful attention to specific environmental factors, which differ significantly from the conditions found in most homes.
Managing High Environmental Demands
The largest challenge in Calathea care is meeting their demand for consistently high atmospheric humidity, typically requiring levels above 60%. When the air is too dry, the plant’s large, thin leaves lose moisture rapidly, leading to stress.
Simple misting is usually insufficient. More sustained methods are necessary, such as placing the plant on a pebble tray filled with water, where evaporation raises local humidity. Grouping several humidity-loving plants together creates a microclimate that naturally traps moisture. For the most consistent results, a dedicated room humidifier is the best solution.
Temperature stability is another demand for this tropical genus. Calatheas thrive in warmer temperatures, ideally between 65°F and 85°F (18°C and 30°C). They are highly intolerant of cold and sudden temperature changes, which can quickly cause leaf damage. Keep the plant away from cold drafts from windows or air conditioning vents, as well as heat sources like radiators, ensuring the temperature never drops below 60°F (15°C).
Light and Water Requirements
Calatheas require specific inputs concerning both light and water that differ from many common houseplants. Since they grow on the rainforest floor, they are adapted to receiving bright, but filtered light. The ideal placement is in a spot that receives bright, indirect light, which is necessary to maintain the vibrancy and distinct patterning of their foliage.
Direct sunlight is damaging and will burn the leaves, causing bleached or scorched patches. If light levels are too low, the plant’s growth will suffer, and the colorful variegation will begin to fade. Finding the correct light intensity is a delicate balancing act.
Watering is a sensitive area, as Calatheas prefer their soil to be consistently moist but never waterlogged, which can lead to root rot. The soil should be allowed to dry out only about halfway down before being watered again.
The type of water used is a unique requirement. Tap water contains dissolved mineral salts, chlorine, and fluoride, which are toxic to Calatheas. These compounds accumulate in the soil and are drawn out to the leaf tips, causing unsightly brown edges. Using distilled water, filtered water, or collected rainwater is necessary to prevent this mineral toxicity and keep the foliage pristine.
Troubleshooting Common Visual Problems
Calatheas are highly expressive plants that use visual symptoms to communicate distress. The most frequent complaint is the appearance of brown, crispy edges or tips on the leaves, which is almost always a direct result of low atmospheric humidity or the use of tap water. Increasing the humidity and switching to purified water will prevent this symptom on new growth, though existing damage is irreversible.
Leaves that curl inward indicate the plant is attempting to conserve moisture, suggesting dehydration from insufficient soil moisture or air that is too dry. Curling can also be a reaction to cold shock or excessive light exposure.
If the leaf patterns are fading, light is likely too low. A heavily drooping plant with wet soil often signals the beginning of root problems due to overwatering.
Calatheas are highly susceptible to pests, especially spider mites, which thrive in dry conditions. These tiny arachnids feed on plant cells, leaving behind fine webbing and tiny stippling on the leaves. Regular inspection, particularly of the undersides of the leaves, is the best defense. Treating an infestation involves thoroughly washing the leaves and applying an insecticidal soap or a miticide.
Easiest Calathea Varieties for Beginners
While no Calathea is truly hands-off, some species are slightly more forgiving of minor care lapses. The Calathea orbifolia, now classified as Goeppertia orbifolia, is a popular option distinguished by its large, round leaves with subtle silver-green stripes. This variety is considered more tolerant of average household humidity levels, making it a better entry point for new owners.
Another resilient choice is the Calathea lancifolia, commonly known as the Rattlesnake Plant, which features elongated, wavy-edged leaves with dark green spots. Its slightly thicker leaf structure makes it marginally more resistant to the browning that results from low humidity. The Calathea concinna ‘Freddie’ is also noted for being less prone to leaf browning and more forgiving of missed waterings.