Bush honeysuckle (Lonicera species) is a common sight across many landscapes, recognized by its dense growth and characteristic berries. Originally introduced from Asia and Europe in the mid-1800s, these shrubs were initially valued for ornamental purposes, wildlife cover, and erosion control. However, their vigorous growth and ability to outcompete native plants have led to their widespread establishment in woodlands, roadsides, and abandoned fields. Its prevalence often prompts questions about its characteristics and safety.
The Edibility Question: A Direct Answer
Bush honeysuckle berries are generally not recommended for human consumption. While some native honeysuckle varieties or cultivated “honeyberry” types (Lonicera caerulea) produce edible fruits, the common invasive bush honeysuckle species, such as Amur, Tartarian, and Morrow’s, are distinct. Their bright red or orange fruits contain compounds that can cause adverse reactions, even in small quantities.
Identifying Bush Honeysuckle
Accurate identification of bush honeysuckle is important for safety and management. These upright, deciduous shrubs can reach heights of 6 to 20 feet, often displaying arching branches. Their leaves are arranged oppositely on the stems, typically oval to egg-shaped with smooth margins, and are usually 1 to 3 inches long. A notable characteristic is their early leaf-out in spring and late leaf-retention into fall, making them stand out when most other deciduous plants are bare.
In late spring and early summer, bush honeysuckle produces fragrant, tubular flowers that appear in pairs from the leaf axils. These flowers typically start white or creamy and may transition to a yellowish hue as they age. Following the flowering period, clusters of round, juicy berries develop, maturing to a bright red or orange color by late summer and persisting into fall. The bark on older stems is often grayish-brown and can become somewhat shaggy or striped, and a key identifying feature for mature plants is their hollow stems.
Toxic Components and Potential Symptoms
The berries of bush honeysuckle contain toxic compounds, primarily saponins, which are responsible for their irritating effects on the digestive system. While the flowers are sometimes considered non-toxic, the berries are the main concern for ingestion.
Common reactions in humans include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Although severe reactions like respiratory failure or convulsions are possible, they are less common and typically associated with larger ingestions, especially in children who may be more susceptible. For pets, such as dogs and cats, bush honeysuckle also poses a mild toxicity risk. Symptoms in animals can include gastrointestinal upset like vomiting and diarrhea, and pet owners should monitor for signs of physical discomfort.
What to Do in Case of Ingestion
If bush honeysuckle berries or other parts of the plant are ingested, particularly by a child or pet, prompt action is advisable. The first step should be to contact a poison control center immediately. In the United States, the national Poison Help Line can provide expert guidance for human exposures.
For pets, a veterinarian or a pet poison control hotline should be contacted. It is important to provide as much information as possible, including the amount of plant material consumed and any symptoms observed. Following their advice, medical attention may be necessary, especially if symptoms are severe or persistent. Close observation for any developing symptoms, such as persistent vomiting, diarrhea, or unusual behavior, is also important.