Burning Styrofoam is not advised due to the harmful substances it releases into the atmosphere. These emissions can adversely affect both human health and the environment. Styrofoam, a widely recognized material, is frequently encountered in daily life due to its diverse applications.
Understanding Styrofoam
Styrofoam is a trademarked brand name for extruded polystyrene foam (XPS), although the term is commonly used to refer to expanded polystyrene (EPS) foam. This material is primarily composed of polystyrene, a synthetic polymer derived from styrene monomers, which are hydrocarbon compounds often obtained from petroleum and natural gas byproducts. Polystyrene beads are expanded using a blowing agent, such as pentane, to create a lightweight, rigid, and closed-cell foam structure that is approximately 98% air.
The properties of polystyrene foam, including its low thermal conductivity and excellent cushioning capabilities, make it suitable for a variety of uses. It is widely employed in packaging to protect fragile items during transport and serves as an effective insulation material in construction. Polystyrene foam is also used in many disposable containers, such as cups, plates, and food trays.
Emissions from Burning
Incomplete combustion of polystyrene foam releases a complex mixture of substances into the air. One significant chemical byproduct is styrene monomer, the basic building block of polystyrene. Styrene is a possible carcinogen and is also a volatile organic compound (VOC).
Another hazardous chemical produced is benzene, an aromatic hydrocarbon. Benzene is a known neurotoxin and suspected carcinogen. The burning process also generates carbon monoxide, a colorless, odorless, and deadly gas.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are also emitted when polystyrene is burned, particularly under lower temperature conditions. PAHs are chemicals that can cause birth defects and are known to persist in the environment. The dark smoke from burning polystyrene foam is often rich in these and other toxic fumes.
Health and Environmental Impacts
Inhaling fumes from burning polystyrene foam can lead to immediate and delayed health issues. Short-term exposure may cause respiratory irritation, including coughing and throat discomfort. Individuals might also experience symptoms affecting the nervous system, such as headaches, fatigue, dizziness, confusion, and difficulty concentrating.
Prolonged or significant exposure to these emitted chemicals can have more severe consequences. Styrene, a primary component of the fumes, has been linked to potential damage to the kidneys and blood, and long-term exposure to high levels can impact the liver and nerve tissues. PAHs, another group of compounds released, have been associated with kidney and liver damage, as well as the formation of cataracts over time. Carbon monoxide exposure can lead to flu-like symptoms in the short term, with continued exposure potentially resulting in brain and heart damage.
Burning polystyrene foam also contributes to broader environmental concerns. The released particulate matter and VOCs contribute to air pollution. Polystyrene is not biodegradable and persists in the environment for centuries, breaking down into smaller microplastics that can contaminate ecosystems. Discarded or improperly disposed polystyrene foam accumulates in landfills and natural landscapes, posing a persistent waste problem.
Safer Handling and Disposal
Given the risks associated with burning polystyrene foam, proper disposal methods are important. The most responsible approach is to explore local recycling options, if available. Many communities have specific drop-off locations or programs that accept polystyrene foam; contact local recycling centers to confirm acceptance and any specific requirements, such as cleanliness.
If local recycling is not an option, some specialized recyclers or mail-in programs may accept polystyrene foam, particularly for larger quantities. As a last resort, if recycling avenues are unavailable, polystyrene foam should be placed in regular trash for landfill disposal. Breaking down larger pieces to fit into trash containers can be helpful. Prioritizing these methods helps prevent the release of harmful emissions and reduces environmental contamination.