Bone broth is frequently suggested as a health remedy, but its role in managing Fatty Liver Disease (FLD) requires a closer look at the science. This article examines the theoretical benefits and current evidence to determine if this traditional food preparation offers meaningful support for liver health for individuals with FLD.
Understanding Fatty Liver Disease
Fatty Liver Disease (FLD), or steatotic liver disease, is characterized by an excessive accumulation of fat within liver cells, a condition known as hepatic steatosis. This condition is broadly categorized based on its cause, with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) now often referred to as Metabolic-dysfunction Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD). The other main type is Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (AFLD), which results from excessive alcohol consumption.
Simple steatosis, the earliest stage, typically involves fat buildup without significant inflammation. For a subset of individuals, the disease can progress to steatohepatitis, which is marked by fat accumulation alongside inflammation and liver cell damage. This inflammation can eventually trigger fibrosis, or scarring, as the liver attempts to repair itself. Severe, widespread scarring represents the final and most serious stage, cirrhosis, which significantly impairs liver function.
Key Components of Bone Broth Relevant to Liver Health
Bone broth is made by simmering animal bones and connective tissues for an extended period, which extracts various nutrients. The primary components theorized to affect liver function are the amino acids derived from the breakdown of collagen and gelatin. These amino acids include glycine, proline, and glutamine.
Glycine is of particular interest because it is a precursor for glutathione, a powerful antioxidant naturally produced by the body. Glutathione plays a significant role in helping the liver process and eliminate toxins, supporting its natural detoxification pathways. Proline and glutamine, while also present, are noted for their roles in tissue repair and maintaining the integrity of the gut lining. A healthy gut barrier is thought to indirectly reduce the toxic load placed on the liver.
Evaluating the Scientific Evidence for Liver Support
The potential for bone broth to support liver health largely stems from the presence of glycine, an amino acid often found at lower concentrations in the blood of individuals with FLD. This deficiency suggests that supplementing glycine might be beneficial for managing the disease. Research on isolated glycine has shown promising results in animal models and small human studies.
Glycine supplementation helps by stimulating the synthesis of glutathione, which counteracts the oxidative stress and inflammation common in FLD. Studies indicate that supplemental glycine can correct the deficiency, increase detoxification markers, and improve biomarkers of liver health. However, this evidence focuses on therapeutic doses of isolated glycine, not the whole food product.
There is a significant gap in the scientific literature regarding the direct impact of whole bone broth consumption on FLD markers in humans. The amount of glycine in a typical serving (800 to 1,600 milligrams per cup) is substantially lower than the therapeutic doses used in clinical trials (2,000 to 4,500 milligrams daily). Therefore, while the theoretical mechanism is sound, bone broth should not be considered a substitute for medical treatment or established dietary changes.
Practical Considerations for Consumption
Individuals using bone broth as a dietary support should focus on product quality and preparation methods. A long simmering time, often 12 to 24 hours, is traditionally used to maximize the extraction of collagen, gelatin, and amino acids. Sourcing bones from healthy, pasture-raised animals is recommended to reduce the risk of contaminants.
A potential concern with bone broth is the presence of heavy metals, such as lead, which can leach into the liquid from animal bones during the long cooking process. While some studies suggest the risk is minimal, concentration depends on the animal’s exposure and the broth’s acidity (increased by adding ingredients like vinegar). Another consideration is the sodium content, as many commercially prepared broths can contain high levels, sometimes exceeding 800 milligrams per cup.
Managing FLD requires comprehensive lifestyle modifications, including weight management, regular physical activity, and a balanced diet. Bone broth can be a nutrient-dense addition to the diet, providing easily digestible protein and hydration. It is best integrated as a supportive beverage, not a replacement for the primary interventions necessary for managing liver health.