Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a widespread respiratory virus that infects the lungs and airways. It is a common cause of respiratory infections in children, with nearly all children contracting it by age two. While often presenting with mild, cold-like symptoms, RSV can lead to more serious conditions for certain individuals. Understanding its typical presentation, including the nature of the cough it causes, is important.
Characteristics of an RSV Cough
An RSV cough can manifest as either wet or dry, and its characteristics can change throughout the illness. Initially, an RSV infection might present with a dry, hacking cough, particularly as the virus irritates the airways. As the infection progresses and mucus production increases, the cough often becomes wet and productive, indicating fluid accumulation.
The sound of an RSV cough can vary. In some cases, it may be accompanied by wheezing, a high-pitched whistling sound heard during exhalation, which suggests narrowing of the small airways. Infants and young children may develop a “barking” cough, similar to croup, due to inflammation of their airways.
Other Common RSV Symptoms
Beyond the cough, RSV infection presents with other symptoms resembling a common cold. These commonly include a runny or stuffy nose, sneezing, and a low-grade fever. Individuals may also experience a decreased appetite and general fatigue.
Infants and very young children might exhibit additional signs, such as irritability or reduced activity levels. The severity and combination of these symptoms can vary, influenced by factors like age and overall health. Symptoms usually appear within four to six days after exposure to the virus and progress in stages.
When to Seek Medical Attention for RSV
While many RSV infections are mild and resolve on their own, certain signs warrant prompt medical attention, especially for vulnerable populations like infants, young children, older adults, and individuals with underlying health conditions. Difficulty breathing is a primary concern, indicated by rapid, shallow breaths, flaring nostrils, or visible pulling in of the chest muscles between or under the ribs with each breath. A bluish tint to the lips, skin, or nail beds, known as cyanosis, signals a lack of oxygen and requires emergency care.
Other concerning symptoms include severe dehydration, observed through dark yellow urine or fewer wet diapers in babies, along with extreme lethargy or tiredness. Worsening symptoms, a high fever, or symptoms that do not improve after about a week or two should also prompt a call to a healthcare provider. Healthcare professionals can assess the situation and determine if further evaluation or treatment is necessary.