Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune condition characterized by the accelerated buildup of skin cells, resulting in thick, scaly, and inflamed plaques. Many individuals seek complementary therapies, and the infrared sauna has emerged as a popular, non-invasive option. This article explores how infrared heat interacts with psoriasis and the evidence behind its perceived benefits.
Understanding Psoriasis and General Heat Interactions
Psoriasis is an inflammatory disorder where the immune system triggers rapid skin cell turnover, leading to red, raised patches covered in silvery scales. Management involves regulating inflammation and slowing the cell cycle. Because psoriatic skin is sensitive, external factors, including thermal input, can easily trigger flare-ups.
Traditional saunas rely on convection to heat the surrounding air to high temperatures, which can sometimes exacerbate symptoms. The intense heat and dry air may irritate open lesions or cause excessive itching and dryness, potentially worsening the condition. However, general heat exposure can soften the hyperkeratotic scales associated with plaque psoriasis, assisting in their removal. This dual response highlights the need to consider infrared light, which provides heat differently.
Mechanism of Infrared Light Penetration
Infrared (IR) saunas use radiant light to generate heat, a mechanism distinct from the superheated air of traditional saunas. Infrared wavelengths, which are part of the electromagnetic spectrum, directly warm the body. Near-infrared (NIR), mid-infrared, and far-infrared (FIR) wavelengths penetrate the skin and underlying tissues to varying depths, with FIR penetrating the deepest.
This deep penetration raises the core body temperature with a lower ambient air temperature (typically 120°F to 140°F), making the experience more tolerable. The theoretical benefit for inflammatory conditions like psoriasis stems from this deep warming effect. It is proposed to increase microcirculation and promote detoxification through sweating. Specific IR wavelengths, particularly NIR, are also thought to influence cellular activity, potentially contributing to anti-inflammatory effects and enhanced wound healing.
Current Scientific Findings on Infrared Sauna Use for Psoriasis
Large-scale clinical trials directly investigating the efficacy of infrared saunas as a standalone treatment for psoriasis are currently lacking. The existing evidence is based on small studies, anecdotal reports, or research focused on the general anti-inflammatory properties of infrared light. Some smaller investigations suggest that certain light therapies, including infrared, may improve psoriasis symptoms, though not as significantly as established treatments like ultraviolet (UV) phototherapy.
The hypothesized benefits relate to the sauna’s systemic effects, such as reducing the inflammatory marker C-reactive protein (CRP) and lowering the stress hormone cortisol, both implicated in psoriasis flares. The light exposure may also stimulate the shedding of excess skin cells and improve skin quality, contributing to a reduction in plaque severity. While infrared saunas may offer a promising complementary therapy by addressing systemic inflammation and stress, they are not a replacement for medical treatment. The evidence base for direct skin improvement remains limited.
Safety Guidelines and Contraindications for Psoriasis Sufferers
Before incorporating infrared sauna therapy into a routine, anyone with psoriasis should consult a dermatologist to ensure it aligns with their overall treatment plan. Hydration is a primary concern, as induced sweating can lead to dehydration, which may worsen the dryness and scaling associated with psoriasis. Users must drink ample water before, during, and after sessions to mitigate this risk.
For individuals with open or raw psoriatic lesions, the heat and sweat could cause stinging or increased irritation, necessitating caution or temporary avoidance. Furthermore, some topical psoriasis medications, such as retinoids or coal tar preparations, can increase skin sensitivity to light and heat, potentially causing an adverse reaction. Sessions should begin conservatively, typically 10 to 15 minutes, with gradual increases only if the skin tolerates the heat without signs of irritation or a flare-up.