Elk and moose are two of the largest and most impressive deer species found across North America and Eurasia. Their considerable size often leads to confusion regarding which animal is truly larger. While both are imposing, distinct physical characteristics differentiate these mammals.
The Definitive Answer: Moose Are Larger
Moose are significantly larger than elk, making them the largest member of the deer family. An adult male moose (bull) can stand an average of 6 to 6.5 feet tall at the shoulder, with some individuals reaching up to 7 feet. They typically weigh between 800 and 1,600 pounds, though some large bulls can exceed 1,800 pounds. Female moose (cows) are also substantial, generally weighing from 800 to 1,300 pounds.
In contrast, elk are the second largest deer species. A male elk (bull) typically stands about 4.5 to 5 feet tall at the shoulder. Their weight commonly ranges from 700 to 1,100 pounds, with some of the largest subspecies, like the Roosevelt elk, occasionally reaching 1,300 pounds. Female elk (cows) are smaller, weighing between 500 and 700 pounds.
Beyond Size: Other Key Differences
Beyond their size disparity, moose and elk possess several distinct physical characteristics that help in identification. The antlers of a bull moose are broad and palmate, resembling a shovel or paddle, typically spanning 4 to 6 feet wide and weighing 25 to 40 pounds. Elk antlers are branching and tined, featuring a main beam with multiple points, usually spreading up to 5 feet and weighing up to 40 pounds, though generally less massive overall.
Their head and body shapes also differ. Moose have a long, distinctive pendulous snout and a heavy-bodied build with a prominent shoulder hump and longer front legs. Elk, however, have a more pointed, deer-like snout and a more evenly proportioned body with slender legs. Their coat coloration also differs; moose typically have dark brown to almost black fur, with bulls often displaying a dark face. Elk coats range from reddish-brown in summer to lighter tan or gray in winter, characterized by a distinct buff-colored rump patch and a darker mane on their neck.
Vocalizations are another distinguishing feature, particularly during the mating season. Male moose produce deep bellows, roars, and grunts to attract mates and assert dominance. Female moose communicate with long, low-pitched moans. Elk, on the other hand, are known for the male’s bugling call, a high-pitched whistle that transitions into a series of grunts.