An angiogram is a medical imaging procedure that visualizes the body’s blood vessels. This diagnostic tool helps assess blood flow and identify issues like blockages or narrowing. While often an outpatient procedure, allowing same-day discharge, certain factors can necessitate an inpatient stay.
What an Angiogram Is
An angiogram is a specialized X-ray procedure creating detailed images of blood vessels. It diagnoses conditions affecting arteries and veins, such as coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease, and aneurysms. The procedure helps pinpoint areas of concern, like plaque buildup that restricts blood flow.
During the angiogram, a thin, flexible catheter is inserted into a blood vessel, typically in the groin or wrist. A contrast dye is then injected through the catheter, making blood vessels visible on X-ray images. These images provide a clear view of the vessel structure and any abnormalities.
When an Angiogram is Outpatient or Inpatient
The decision for an angiogram to be outpatient or inpatient depends on the patient’s overall health and procedure complexity. Many planned diagnostic angiograms, for those with stable symptoms and no significant underlying health concerns, are outpatient procedures. Candidates are typically in good general health, without severe kidney issues, unstable heart conditions, or other serious comorbidities, allowing same-day discharge.
Conversely, an inpatient stay may be required for individuals with complex health conditions like advanced kidney disease, uncontrolled diabetes, or severe heart failure, needing closer monitoring. Inpatient admission is also necessary for emergencies, such as a suspected heart attack, or if there’s a high risk of complications.
An inpatient stay is also common if an intervention, such as angioplasty or stent placement, is anticipated or performed during the angiogram. These therapeutic procedures to open blocked vessels often require extended observation to manage potential post-procedure risks. The healthcare provider determines outpatient or inpatient status based on a comprehensive assessment of the patient’s medical history and clinical needs.
Preparing for and Recovering from an Angiogram
Preparation for an angiogram helps ensure a smooth procedure and recovery. Patients are advised to fast for several hours before, often six to eight, to minimize nausea. Discuss all current medications with the healthcare team, as some, like blood thinners, may need adjustment. Inform staff about any allergies, especially to iodine or shellfish, due to the contrast dye.
After the angiogram, patients are monitored in a recovery area for a few hours. Healthcare professionals observe the catheter insertion site for bleeding or swelling and monitor vital signs. Patients are advised to lie flat for a period, especially if the groin was the access site, to prevent complications.
Once discharged, patients receive specific instructions for at-home care. This includes avoiding strenuous activities and heavy lifting for a few days to a week, maintaining good hydration to flush the contrast dye, and keeping the insertion site clean and dry. Patients are also educated on signs of potential complications, such as increased pain, redness, swelling, or discharge at the insertion site, or fever, and when to contact their doctor.