An abscess is a localized collection of pus that forms when the body’s immune system attempts to contain a bacterial infection. This walled-off pocket of infected material can develop in various parts of the body, often appearing as a swollen, painful lump. While an abscess itself is not contagious, the bacteria responsible for its formation are transmissible. These bacteria can spread from person to person or through contaminated surfaces, potentially leading to new infections.
How Abscess-Causing Bacteria Spread
Abscesses are commonly caused by bacterial infections, particularly by Staphylococcus aureus. These bacteria frequently reside harmlessly on the skin or in the nose. However, if the skin barrier is broken, even by a minor cut, these bacteria can enter the body and cause an infection, leading to an abscess.
A more concerning type of staph is Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), which is resistant to several common antibiotics and can also cause abscesses. These bacteria primarily spread through direct skin-to-skin contact with an infected person. This risk is elevated when the abscess is open, draining pus, or releasing fluids containing the bacteria.
Bacteria can also spread indirectly by touching contaminated objects or surfaces. If an abscess comes into contact with items like towels, razors, clothing, or athletic equipment, the bacteria can survive on these surfaces for hours or weeks. Someone who then touches these items and has a break in their skin can acquire the bacteria and potentially develop an infection.
Reducing the Risk of Transmission
Thorough and frequent handwashing helps prevent the spread of abscess-causing bacteria. Hands should be washed with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, especially after touching an abscess or changing its dressing. If soap and water are unavailable, an alcohol-based hand sanitizer can be used.
Keeping an abscess covered with a clean, dry bandage helps contain pus or drainage and prevents bacteria from spreading to other skin areas or surfaces. Changing dressings regularly, as instructed by a healthcare provider, is important for hygiene and to manage drainage. Contaminated dressings should be disposed of properly in a sealed plastic bag, followed by immediate handwashing.
Avoiding the sharing of personal items is another important measure to prevent bacterial transmission. Towels, razors, washcloths, and clothing can harbor bacteria from an abscess and transfer them to others. Cleaning and disinfecting surfaces that may have come into contact with the abscess, such as doorknobs or counters, further reduces indirect spread.
Avoid squeezing, picking at, or attempting to drain an abscess at home. Such actions can push bacteria deeper or spread the infection. Seek medical attention if an abscess grows, becomes more painful, shows signs of spreading infection like red streaks, or is accompanied by fever or chills. Medical evaluation ensures appropriate treatment and helps prevent complications.