COVID-19 is primarily recognized as a respiratory illness, affecting the lungs and airways. However, the virus can impact various other body systems beyond the respiratory tract. Abdominal pain can occur as a symptom of COVID-19.
Abdominal Pain as a COVID Symptom
Abdominal pain can be a symptom of COVID-19, although it is less common than respiratory symptoms like cough or shortness of breath. Around 1 in 5 people with COVID-19 may experience stomach pain. This symptom can sometimes appear before other typical signs of the illness, or it might even be the sole symptom present.
Characteristics of COVID-19-related abdominal pain vary. It can range from mild to severe and may be described as crampy, diffuse, or localized. In some instances, the pain can be intense enough to mimic surgical emergencies, making diagnosis challenging. While fever is a common COVID-19 symptom, individuals experiencing stomach pain due to the virus might not always have a fever.
Other Digestive Manifestations
Beyond abdominal pain, COVID-19 can cause other gastrointestinal symptoms. These include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and a loss of appetite. These issues often accompany abdominal pain but can also manifest independently.
Approximately 50% of people with COVID-19 may experience gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, diarrhea, or vomiting.
How COVID Impacts the Digestive System
The SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes COVID-19, can directly affect the digestive system. The virus primarily enters human cells by binding to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. These ACE2 receptors are abundantly present not only in the lungs but also in various parts of the gastrointestinal tract, including the intestinal cells. This widespread presence allows the virus to infect cells within the digestive system, potentially leading to inflammation and cellular damage.
Beyond direct infection, the body’s systemic inflammatory response to the virus can also impact gut function. Severe COVID-19 infections can trigger a strong immune response, where high levels of signaling chemicals called cytokines can cause immune cells to attack healthy tissues. This systemic inflammation can disrupt the normal balance of gut flora and alter the signals that facilitate communication between the brain and the gut, contributing to digestive symptoms like pain, diarrhea, and constipation.
When to Seek Medical Attention
Seek medical attention for abdominal pain, especially if you suspect it is related to COVID-19 or if the pain is severe. Professional medical evaluation is necessary to determine the cause and rule out other serious conditions.
Seek medical care if the abdominal pain is severe or worsening, or if it is accompanied by signs of dehydration such as reduced urination, excessive thirst, or dizziness. Persistent vomiting or blood in your stool also require immediate medical attention. Individuals with underlying health conditions, such as liver damage, who experience abdominal pain should also consult a doctor promptly.