The western hognose snake ( Heterodon nasicus) is a commonly encountered North American reptile, recognized for its distinctive appearance and unique behaviors. While western hognose snakes possess a mild venom, it is generally not considered dangerous to humans. This reptile is a popular choice in the exotic pet market, partly due to its docile nature.
Understanding Western Hognose Venom
Western hognose snakes produce a mild venom, primarily used to subdue prey like amphibians and small rodents. This venom is produced in modified salivary glands, known as Duvernoy’s glands, located in the temporal region of their heads. Unlike many highly venomous snakes, western hognoses are rear-fanged.
For venom delivery, the snake needs to “chew” on its prey, allowing the venom to seep into the wound. The Duvernoy’s gland secretion is not considered medically significant to humans, as its potency is low and the delivery mechanism is inefficient.
What Happens After a Bite
If a human is bitten by a western hognose snake, the effects are typically localized and mild. Common symptoms at the bite site include slight swelling, redness, discomfort, or mild pain. Bruising and occasional blister formation may also occur. These local reactions usually resolve within a few days, though symptoms might persist for several weeks or months.
Systemic reactions, affecting the entire body, are rare. One reported case involved thrombocytopenia, a decrease in platelet count, but this is an isolated incident. Allergic reactions, while uncommon, can intensify localized symptoms, similar to an insect sting. If bitten, clean the wound thoroughly with soap and water to prevent infection. Applying a cold compress can help manage swelling. Seeking medical attention is advisable if symptoms are severe, worsen, or if there is any concern about an allergic response.
Identifying a Western Hognose Snake
The western hognose snake is identifiable by several physical characteristics. They possess an upturned snout, resembling a pig’s nose, which aids them in burrowing through soil and sand. This species is relatively small and stout-bodied, typically reaching lengths between 15 to 35 inches. Their coloration is variable, often displaying blotchy patterns of brown, gray, or tan, which can sometimes lead to confusion with other snake species.
Beyond their appearance, western hognose snakes exhibit several defensive behaviors when threatened. They may hiss loudly, flatten their heads and necks to create a cobra-like hood, or perform “bluff” strikes with a closed mouth. If these displays fail to deter a perceived threat, they commonly play dead, rolling onto their backs and remaining motionless. These behaviors are purely defensive bluffs and do not indicate aggression.