The common houseplant known as the Wandering Jew, which belongs to the Tradescantia genus, is considered toxic to both people and pets. This toxicity is generally mild, acting as an intense local irritant rather than a fatal systemic poison. All parts of the plant, including the stems and leaves, contain irritating compounds. Its sap can cause uncomfortable symptoms upon contact or ingestion, especially in sensitive individuals and curious animals.
The Mechanism of Irritation
The irritating effect of the Tradescantia plant is due to microscopic, needle-shaped structures composed of calcium oxalate. These mineral crystals, known as raphides, are contained within specialized cells throughout the plant’s tissues and sap. When the plant is chewed, cut, or crushed, these sharp crystals are released and physically penetrate the delicate mucous membranes of the mouth, throat, or skin. This causes an immediate, localized inflammatory reaction and a sensation of burning. This mechanical irritation contrasts with true systemic toxins that are absorbed into the bloodstream. The immediate discomfort often discourages further ingestion, limiting the amount consumed.
Recognizing Reactions in People and Animals
Exposure to the plant’s sap results in different observable symptoms depending on the route of contact. In humans, direct skin contact with the sap can trigger contact dermatitis, characterized by localized redness, itching, and sometimes a mild blistering rash. Individuals with known skin sensitivities may experience a more pronounced reaction upon handling the stems or leaves.
If a person or animal chews or ingests the plant, the primary symptoms involve the oral and gastrointestinal tract. Pets, particularly dogs and cats, are the most frequent victims of exposure due to their tendency to mouth or play with houseplants. Immediate signs in pets often include excessive drooling, pawing at the mouth, and an intense burning sensation in the oral cavity.
Dermatitis in pets can also occur where the plant’s sap has rubbed against the skin, commonly seen on the abdomen, groin, or paws. Ingesting larger amounts can lead to gastrointestinal upset, resulting in vomiting and diarrhea, though these symptoms are usually self-limiting and mild. The irritation is intense enough to cause distress, but severe, life-threatening poisoning is rare with this particular plant.
Treatment and Safe Handling Practices
Treatment
The immediate response to contact exposure involves thoroughly washing the affected area with soap and cool water to remove any residual sap and crystals. For pets who have chewed the plant, gently rinsing the mouth with water may help to flush out the remaining irritating material. Symptoms often resolve on their own, but monitoring for worsening discomfort is important.
For persistent or severe skin irritation in humans, a physician may recommend a soothing cream or an antihistamine to manage the symptoms. If a pet exhibits prolonged vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, or signs of severe discomfort, immediate veterinary attention is required. In any case of ingestion or concerning symptoms, contact a medical professional or a resource like the Animal Poison Control Center for expert advice.
Prevention
Preventing exposure is the most effective way to avoid these unpleasant reactions. When handling or pruning the plant, wearing garden gloves will shield the skin from the irritating sap. Place all Tradescantia plants in locations entirely inaccessible to children and pets, such as high shelving or hanging planters. Regular pruning of long, trailing vines ensures they do not dangle within reach of curious animals.