Skin tags and warts are two of the most common types of raised growths that appear on human skin, often causing confusion due to their superficial resemblance. Despite this, these growths are fundamentally different biological structures with distinct origins. Understanding the unique nature of each helps clarify why they appear and how they should be managed.
Understanding Skin Tags
A skin tag, medically known as an acrochordon, is a small, benign growth of skin tissue that appears as a small flap. These soft, fleshy growths are typically the same color as the surrounding skin or slightly darker. They are often connected to the body by a slender stalk called a peduncle.
The primary factor contributing to their development is thought to be prolonged friction, which is why they commonly appear in areas where skin rubs against skin or clothing. Common locations include the neck, armpits, groin, under the breasts, and eyelids. They are more prevalent in older adults, those with obesity, pregnant women, and individuals with type 2 diabetes or high insulin levels.
Understanding Warts
Warts are non-cancerous skin growths caused exclusively by an infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV). This virus penetrates the top layer of the skin, typically through small cuts, and triggers an overgrowth of cells. There are over 100 types of HPV, with specific strains responsible for different types of warts, such as common, plantar, and flat warts.
Warts typically have a rough, grainy surface texture that can sometimes resemble a cauliflower. They may be flesh-colored, white, or tan. A distinguishing feature is the presence of small black dots, which are actually tiny clotted blood vessels. Because they are caused by a viral infection, warts are contagious and can spread through direct or indirect contact.
Core Differences Between Skin Tags and Warts
The fundamental difference between these two growths lies in their cause. Warts result from a viral infection, specifically the human papillomavirus, making them infectious. Skin tags, in contrast, are benign tissue overgrowths often linked to mechanical friction, and they are non-viral and non-contagious.
Their physical characteristics also provide clear distinctions. Skin tags are soft, smooth, and typically hang off the skin by a narrow stalk, making them mobile. Warts are rough, firm, and broad-based, often having a bumpy or cauliflower-like texture. Warts can display dark pinpoints from thrombosed capillaries, a feature not seen in skin tags.
The pathology of each growth is distinct. A wart is a localized viral infection causing an abnormal proliferation of the epidermis. A skin tag is an acquired, benign tumor composed of excess skin and connective tissue, representing an extra fold of skin. The contagiousness of warts necessitates caution, while skin tags pose no risk of transmission.
When Medical Consultation Is Necessary
It is advisable to consult a healthcare provider when a new or suspicious skin growth appears to ensure an accurate diagnosis. This is important if you are unsure whether the growth is a skin tag, a wart, or a potentially more concerning lesion like a mole or skin cancer. Professionals can safely rule out other conditions through a visual exam or a biopsy if the growth appears atypical.
Medical attention is necessary if a growth changes rapidly in size, color, or shape. Consultation is also needed if the growth begins to bleed without injury, becomes painful, or causes significant irritation. For growths that are bothersome due to their location or appearance, a doctor can safely remove them using methods such as cryotherapy, surgical excision, or electrocautery.