A pilonidal cyst is a skin condition that develops as a small sac or tunnel, typically located in the crease of the buttocks near the tailbone. It can resemble a large pimple or a small dimple. While some pilonidal cysts may not cause noticeable symptoms, they can become painful if infected.
Dispelling the Contagion Myth
Pilonidal cysts are not contagious and cannot be spread from person to person through physical contact. This condition originates from internal body processes, unlike infections caused by external pathogens.
These cysts develop from factors related to skin and hair, not from an infectious agent. Like a common pimple, a pilonidal cyst is a localized skin problem that poses no risk of contagion.
How Pilonidal Cysts Develop
Pilonidal cysts form when loose hairs puncture the skin, often in the crease of the buttocks. Friction and pressure, such as from prolonged sitting or tight clothing, can force these hairs into the skin. Once embedded, the body’s immune system recognizes the hair and skin debris as foreign material.
This recognition triggers an immune response, leading to the formation of a cyst around the trapped material. The cyst is a pocket of tissue that can fill with air, fluid, or debris. While ingrown hairs are a primary cause, some individuals may also develop pilonidal cysts due to a congenital dimple in the tailbone area. Excessive sweating can also contribute by creating an environment conducive to bacterial growth within hair follicles.
Signs and Management of Pilonidal Cysts
An infected pilonidal cyst can present with several noticeable signs, including pain, swelling, and redness in the affected area. The pain often worsens with sitting, and a visible lump or a tender, red area may be present. In some cases, there might be drainage of pus or blood, which can have a foul odor. Systemic symptoms like fever, nausea, or extreme tiredness can also indicate an infection.
Seeking medical attention is advisable if these symptoms appear, particularly if they persist for several days or worsen. While some mild cases might resolve on their own, infection often requires professional care. Management approaches vary based on the cyst’s severity and may involve draining the cyst to relieve pressure and remove infected material. Maintaining good hygiene, such as keeping the area clean and dry, is also a general recommendation.