A membrane sweep, also known as membrane stripping, is a procedure offered in late pregnancy to encourage the onset of labor. It involves a healthcare provider manually separating the membranes of the amniotic sac from the lower part of the uterus. This aims to naturally stimulate the body to begin labor. This article explores the safety of a membrane sweep, including its mechanism, common side effects, potential complications, and suitability.
How a Membrane Sweep Works
A membrane sweep is performed during a vaginal examination, typically when the cervix has begun to dilate. The healthcare provider inserts a gloved finger into the cervix, using a circular sweeping motion to gently detach the amniotic sac from the lower uterine segment. This separation releases prostaglandins, hormone-like substances that help soften, thin, and open the cervix. Prostaglandins also trigger uterine contractions, initiating labor. The procedure is performed in a clinic setting and takes only a few minutes.
Normal Side Effects
Following a membrane sweep, temporary side effects are common. Mild discomfort is common during the procedure itself, similar to a cervical exam or a Pap test. After the sweep, light vaginal bleeding or spotting is common, often mixed with mucus, which can be part of the “show.”
This spotting is light and subsides within 24 hours. Irregular contractions and cramping are also common, which may be confused with early signs of labor. These sensations are manageable with over-the-counter pain relievers and a warm bath.
Recognizing Potential Complications
While a low-risk procedure, rare but serious complications can occur with a membrane sweep. One risk is rupture of membranes, commonly known as “water breaking.” This can increase infection risk if labor does not begin promptly.
Infection is another rare complication, with symptoms such as fever, chills, or foul-smelling vaginal discharge. Increased bleeding beyond light spotting, especially if heavy or continuous, warrants immediate medical attention. Any severe or persistent pain that does not subside should also be evaluated by a healthcare provider.
Is a Membrane Sweep Right for You?
A membrane sweep is offered to pregnant individuals at or after 39 weeks of gestation, particularly if nearing or past their due date. The cervix must be at least partially dilated for the procedure. However, a membrane sweep is not suitable for everyone. It is not recommended if factors make a vaginal delivery unsafe, such as placenta previa (where the placenta covers the cervix) or a breech baby.
While studies suggest no increased infection risk for Group B Streptococcus (GBS) positive individuals with intact membranes, some providers exercise caution. Discuss individual circumstances and medical history with a healthcare provider before deciding on a membrane sweep.