An armpit lump can be a source of concern, but it is important to understand that such lumps are not always indicative of cancer. While any new or unusual lump warrants attention, many armpit lumps stem from benign causes that are often temporary. These lumps can vary greatly in size, from as small as a pea to as large as a golf ball, and their presence does not automatically signify a serious health issue.
Common Causes of Armpit Lumps
The armpit contains lymph nodes, which can swell for many non-cancerous reasons. Swollen lymph nodes are a frequent cause, often indicating the immune system is fighting an infection. These infections can be bacterial, viral (such as the common cold, flu, or mononucleosis), or fungal. Vaccinations, including for COVID-19, can also cause temporary lymph node swelling as a side effect. Injuries to the arm or breast area can also lead to localized swelling of lymph nodes.
Beyond lymph nodes, other common benign causes include cysts, which are harmless fluid-filled sacs under the skin. Hidradenitis suppurativa, a chronic skin condition, causes painful, boil-like lumps in the armpit from blocked and inflamed hair follicles. These lumps may rupture and leak pus, and the condition can lead to tunnels under the skin and scarring.
Lipomas are another common type of armpit lump, benign fatty growths that feel soft and movable under the skin. They are generally painless and rarely require treatment unless bothersome. Allergic reactions to products like deodorants or soaps can also cause localized swelling. Folliculitis, an inflammation of hair follicles often caused by bacterial infection or ingrown hairs from shaving, can result in red, swollen, and sometimes pus-filled bumps in the armpit.
When an Armpit Lump Might Be Cancer
While most armpit lumps are benign, certain characteristics may suggest a cancerous origin, requiring further medical evaluation. Lumps that are hard, fixed in place, or have an irregular shape warrant closer attention. A lump that rapidly grows in size also raises concern.
An armpit lump accompanied by other systemic symptoms can also be a red flag. These symptoms might include unexplained weight loss, persistent fever, night sweats, or fatigue. Changes in the skin over the lump, such as redness or dimpling (resembling an orange peel), can also be associated with a more serious condition. It is important to know that while an armpit lump can be a symptom of breast cancer or lymphoma, it is not usually the first sign of breast cancer.
When to Seek Medical Attention
Any new or unexplained lump in the armpit should be evaluated by a healthcare professional for evaluation. Seek prompt medical attention if the lump is growing, becomes painful, or is accompanied by concerning symptoms like fever, unexplained weight loss, or changes in the overlying skin. If a lump does not resolve within a couple of weeks, medical consultation is also advisable.
During an appointment, a doctor will perform a physical examination, palpating the lump to assess its size, texture, and mobility. They will also ask about your medical history and any associated symptoms. Depending on the initial assessment, further diagnostic tests may be recommended, such as an ultrasound, mammogram, or MRI. In some cases, a biopsy, removing a tissue sample for analysis, may be necessary for diagnosis. Only a medical professional can accurately diagnose the cause of an armpit lump and provide appropriate guidance and treatment if needed.