The terms “jackass” and “donkey” are often used interchangeably, leading to some confusion about their precise relationship. Understanding the distinctions between these and other related equine terms can clarify the diverse world of these resilient animals. This article aims to distinguish these terms and explore their connections within the broader equine family.
Understanding the Donkey
A donkey, also known as an ass, is a domesticated member of the horse family, Equidae. Descended from the African wild ass, Equus africanus, donkeys have been utilized as working animals for at least 5,000 to 7,000 years. They have long ears, a sturdy build, and are known for their distinctive braying vocalization.
Donkeys vary in size, with shoulder heights ranging from approximately 90 to 150 centimeters and weights between 80 to 450 kilograms. Their mane is short and upright, and the tail, unlike a horse’s, features long hairs only at the end. They are sure-footed and can carry substantial loads over varied terrain.
Defining the Jackass
The term “jackass” specifically refers to a male donkey. The word combines “jack,” a historical generic term for a male, with “ass,” an older and formal name for a donkey. This compound term has been in use since the 17th or early 18th century. While “jackass” denotes a male donkey, it is also colloquially used as an insult for a foolish or stubborn person. All jackasses are donkeys, but not all donkeys are jackasses, as the term applies only to males.
Related Equine Terminology
Beyond “jackass,” other terms describe donkeys and their hybrids. A female donkey is known as a “jenny” or “jennet.” When a male donkey, or jack, breeds with a female horse, or mare, their offspring is called a “mule.” Mules are valued for their strength, endurance, and sure-footedness, inheriting traits from both parents. However, mules are generally sterile due to the difference in chromosome numbers between horses and donkeys.
Conversely, a “hinny” is the less common hybrid produced from a male horse, or stallion, and a female donkey, or jenny. Hinnies resemble their donkey mother more closely and are often smaller than mules. Like mules, hinnies are generally sterile. The term “burro” is the Spanish word for donkey, often used in the southwestern United States for smaller or wild donkeys.