Huntsman spiders, with their considerable size and swift movements, often cause concern when encountered in homes and natural settings. These arachnids are a common sight in many parts of the world, particularly across Australia. Despite their imposing presence, understanding their biological characteristics can clarify concerns about their interaction with humans.
Understanding Venom vs. Poison
The terms “venomous” and “poisonous” are often used interchangeably, but they describe distinct biological mechanisms for delivering toxins. An animal is considered venomous if it actively injects toxins into another organism, typically through a bite or a sting. Conversely, an animal is poisonous if its toxins are harmful when ingested, inhaled, or absorbed through physical contact.
Huntsman spiders are venomous, not poisonous. They produce venom, which they use to subdue their insect prey, injecting it through their fangs. This means their threat comes from a bite, not from being touched or consumed.
Huntsman Spider Bite Effects
While huntsman spiders are venomous, their venom is generally considered low risk to humans. A bite typically results in localized symptoms such as mild pain, swelling, and redness at the site. The pain experienced is often more a result of the physical bite itself, given the spider’s large fangs, rather than the potency of its venom. In some instances, individuals might experience less common reactions like nausea, headache, or dizziness. Serious systemic reactions, such as anaphylaxis, are very rare.
Huntsman Behavior and Habitat
Huntsman spiders inhabit a variety of environments, including under loose tree bark, within rock crevices, and inside logs. They frequently enter human dwellings, seeking shelter in sheds, garages, and homes, and are even known to hide in cars.
These spiders are typically shy and non-aggressive, preferring to flee from perceived threats rather than confronting them. Bites usually occur only when the spider feels threatened, is provoked, or is accidentally trapped, such as in clothing. Unlike many other spiders, huntsman spiders do not build webs for catching prey; instead, they actively hunt using their speed and agility.
Responding to a Huntsman Bite
For a huntsman spider bite, clean the affected area thoroughly with soap and water. Apply a cold compress or ice pack to the bite site to help reduce swelling and alleviate pain. Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as paracetamol or ibuprofen, may also be used to manage discomfort.
It is important to monitor the bite for any signs of worsening symptoms or an allergic reaction. Seek medical attention promptly if symptoms escalate, or if there are signs of a severe allergic reaction like difficulty breathing, swelling of the face, throat, or tongue, or widespread hives. Most huntsman spider bites do not require extensive medical intervention, and symptoms typically resolve quickly.