A headache can be a symptom of COVID-19. Understanding its characteristics and accompanying symptoms can provide a clearer picture of when to consider COVID-19 as a possibility. This symptom is part of the broader range of manifestations.
Headache as a COVID-19 Symptom
Headaches are a common symptom reported by individuals with COVID-19, often appearing early in the infection. Research suggests a prevalence ranging from 10% to 70% of infected individuals. For some, a headache may even be one of the initial signs of the illness.
COVID-19 headaches vary but are frequently moderate to severe. They are often described as a pressure, throbbing, or squeezing sensation, similar to a tension headache or migraine. Pain typically affects the entire head (holocranial) or frontal region, though it can also be felt on both sides or behind the eyes.
These headaches typically have a sudden onset and can persist for several days. While most COVID-19 headaches resolve within a few days to one to two weeks, some individuals experience them for longer periods, even months, as part of long COVID. Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, can help manage the pain, though some report that these headaches may not respond as effectively to typical medications.
Accompanying Symptoms and Context
A headache rarely occurs in isolation; it is often part of a broader set of indicators. The presence of a headache alongside common COVID-19 symptoms can significantly increase the likelihood that COVID-19 is the cause. These frequently include fever, cough, and fatigue.
Individuals may also experience a sore throat, muscle or body aches, and nasal congestion or a runny nose. A notable accompanying symptom, particularly in earlier variants, is a new loss of taste or smell. Other symptoms can include shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea.
The way symptoms present can vary widely among individuals and across different variants of the virus. Some studies have identified symptom clusters, such as a musculoskeletal cluster that often includes headache, muscle pain, and fatigue, or a respiratory cluster with cough and fever. Recognizing these combinations provides a more comprehensive understanding than focusing on a headache alone.
When to Seek Medical Advice or Get Tested
If you experience a new or persistent headache accompanied by other common COVID-19 symptoms, consider testing. Early testing can help confirm a diagnosis and guide further actions, especially if you have underlying health conditions that might put you at higher risk for severe illness. Following local public health guidelines regarding testing and isolation helps prevent further spread.
Consult a healthcare provider if your symptoms are severe, worsening, or if you have concerns. They can offer guidance and discuss potential treatment options, particularly for those at higher risk of severe outcomes. This includes individuals who are older, pregnant, or have a weakened immune system.
Certain symptoms warrant immediate medical attention, often referred to as red flag symptoms. These include trouble breathing, persistent pain or pressure in the chest, new confusion, inability to wake or stay awake, or pale, gray, or blue-colored skin, lips, or nail beds.