Green snakes often spark curiosity, particularly about their potential venom. Many encounter these vibrant reptiles in gardens or natural settings and wonder about their safety. This article clarifies the nature of common green snakes and provides practical safety advice for interactions with any snake.
Are Common Green Snakes Venomous?
The two most common green snakes in North America, the Rough Green Snake (Opheodrys aestivus) and the Smooth Green Snake (Opheodrys vernalis), are non-venomous. These slender reptiles pose no venomous threat to humans. Bites from these species are rare due to their docile nature and are harmless.
Both species have bright green backs and yellowish or whitish bellies, providing excellent camouflage. Rough Green Snakes measure 20 to 32 inches (50 to 80 cm) and have keeled scales. Smooth Green Snakes are 14 to 20 inches (36 to 51 cm) long with smooth scales. These snakes are primarily insectivores, feeding on crickets, grasshoppers, caterpillars, and spiders, helping control insect populations. They are diurnal, active during the day, and found climbing in low vegetation or on the ground in moist meadows and woodlands.
Key Features for Identification
Distinguishing between venomous and non-venomous snakes is important for safety, as coloration alone is not a reliable indicator. Some non-venomous snakes mimic venomous ones, and some venomous species may have green hues. A combination of features helps in identification.
Venomous snakes, particularly pit vipers (rattlesnakes, copperheads, and cottonmouths), have a triangular or spade-shaped head, wider than their neck, due to venom glands. Many also have vertical, slit-like pupils, similar to a cat’s eye, and heat-sensing pits between their eyes and nostrils. Non-venomous snakes have a more rounded head, not distinctly wider than their neck, and round pupils.
These green snakes have round pupils and slender heads only slightly wider than their bodies. Some non-venomous snakes might flatten their heads when threatened to appear more formidable, but relying on this single characteristic can be misleading. It is best to observe a snake from a safe distance and consider multiple identifying features.
Safety When Encountering Snakes
Encountering a snake can be startling, but maintaining a safe distance is the primary rule. Never attempt to handle, harass, or provoke any snake, regardless of whether it is venomous. Most snake bites occur when people try to pick up, disturb, or kill snakes. If a snake is encountered, allow it to move away on its own; they are not interested in confronting humans.
In the rare event of a snake bite, remain calm and seek immediate medical attention by calling emergency services. Remove any jewelry or tight clothing from the bitten area before swelling begins. Gently wash the bite with soap and water, then cover it loosely with a clean, dry dressing. Keep the bitten limb still and, if possible, below the heart to help reduce venom spread.
After a snake bite, do not attempt to cut the wound, suck out the venom, apply a tourniquet, or use ice. These measures are ineffective and can cause further harm or infection. Do not try to capture or kill the snake for identification, as this increases the risk of another bite. If possible, take a photo from a safe distance to assist medical professionals.