The corn snake, a type of North American rat snake, is common throughout the southeastern and central United States. They are frequently encountered in overgrown fields, wooded areas, and around human structures like barns, preying on rodents near stored corn. The corn snake is not venomous and is generally considered harmless to humans. Their docile nature and attractive patterns have made them one of the most popular pet snakes worldwide.
Non-Venomous Status and Safety
The corn snake is a non-venomous constrictor, subduing its small prey by wrapping around it and restricting blood flow. This species is harmless to people because it lacks specialized fangs or venom glands necessary to inject toxins.
If a bite occurs, it is usually because the snake was startled or handled roughly. Corn snake bites feel like a minor scratch or pinprick, involving only minor scratches that may draw a small amount of blood. Treatment requires cleaning the wound thoroughly with soap and water, followed by an antiseptic, to prevent infection. These snakes are beneficial to human environments because their diet of rodents helps control pest populations.
Identifying a Corn Snake
The corn snake, scientifically known as Pantherophis guttatus, is a slender snake that typically reaches 2 to 6 feet long as an adult. Its coloration is highly variable, but wild specimens usually display a base color of orange, brownish-yellow, or gray. Down its back are a series of distinct, large, red or orange blotches, which are often outlined in black.
A defining feature is the checkerboard pattern on the snake’s belly, consisting of alternating black and white marks. The head is narrow and generally features a distinct V or Y shape marking near the neck. Corn snakes are adaptable, thriving in various habitats including forest openings and suburban areas. They are known for their ability to climb, often ascending trees in pursuit of prey like rodents and bird eggs.
Distinguishing Corn Snakes from Venomous Look-Alikes
The corn snake is frequently mistaken for the venomous Copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix) due to similar reddish-orange coloration and overlapping geographical ranges. However, several distinct physical characteristics allow for easy differentiation between the two species. The non-venomous corn snake has round pupils, while the Copperhead, a pit viper, possesses vertically elliptical pupils.
The head shape is also telling: the corn snake has a small, narrow, oval head consistent with its slender body. In contrast, the Copperhead has a broad, distinctly triangular head due to the presence of venom glands. The body patterns also differ: the corn snake’s blotches are widest along the center of its back. The Copperhead’s pattern consists of dark, hourglass-shaped crossbands that are narrow across the top of the back.