The gallbladder, a small, pear-shaped organ, is located beneath the liver in the upper right abdomen. Its primary role is storing and concentrating bile, a digestive fluid produced by the liver. Bile is crucial for breaking down fats in the small intestine.
Normal Gallbladder Contraction
A “collapsed” or “contracted” gallbladder is often a normal physiological occurrence. After consuming a meal, especially one rich in fats, the small intestine releases a hormone called cholecystokinin (CCK). This hormone signals the gallbladder to contract, expelling its stored bile into the small intestine to aid digestion. This post-meal contraction makes the gallbladder appear smaller on imaging, signifying healthy function. Therefore, observing a contracted gallbladder on an ultrasound is often an expected finding if the person has recently eaten.
Underlying Causes of Abnormal Collapse
While normal contraction is common, an abnormally collapsed gallbladder can indicate an underlying medical issue. Gallstones, small hard deposits, are a frequent cause, as they can obstruct bile flow and lead to inflammation. Chronic inflammation, known as cholecystitis, can cause the gallbladder wall to scar and shrink, resulting in a persistently contracted appearance. Thickened bile, sometimes called gallbladder sludge, can also impair the gallbladder’s ability to fill or empty properly, contributing to its chronic contraction. Blockages in the bile ducts or functional gallbladder disorders, where the organ does not contract effectively, can also result in an abnormally collapsed appearance.
Recognizing Associated Symptoms
When a collapsed gallbladder is due to an underlying problem, specific symptoms often arise. Abdominal pain is common, typically in the upper right quadrant and intensifying after fatty meals. This pain can range from a dull ache to a severe sensation, radiating to the back or right shoulder. Nausea, vomiting, indigestion, bloating, and heartburn are also possible. In cases of significant bile duct obstruction, jaundice may develop.
Diagnostic Approach and Treatment
Investigating a collapsed gallbladder typically begins with imaging studies, often an abdominal ultrasound, to check for gallstones or inflammation. Further diagnostic evaluations may include a HIDA scan to assess the gallbladder’s emptying function, and blood tests can provide additional information on infection, inflammation, or bile duct blockages. In some instances, computed tomography (CT) scans or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be used for more detailed views of the abdominal organs and bile ducts. Treatment depends on the identified cause, ranging from dietary adjustments and medication for dissolving small stones to surgical removal (cholecystectomy) for symptomatic or severe cases. A medical professional must interpret all findings to determine the appropriate course of action.