A chalazion is a common, non-contagious lump that forms on the eyelid. This benign condition appears as a small, often painless, swelling. Unlike some other eye conditions, a chalazion does not spread from person to person because it is not caused by bacterial or viral infection.
Understanding a Chalazion
A chalazion develops when a small oil gland within the eyelid, known as a meibomian gland, becomes blocked. These glands produce an oily substance that contributes to the tear film, helping to keep the eye lubricated. When the gland’s opening is obstructed, the oil builds up, leading to inflammation and the formation of a lump.
Initially, a chalazion might present as a slightly red or tender area. Over a few days, it evolves into a firm, round bump that is usually painless. This lack of pain helps distinguish it from a stye, which is typically painful and caused by bacterial infection. A chalazion forms deeper within the eyelid, whereas a stye appears closer to the eyelid’s edge.
Factors contributing to meibomian gland blockage include poor eyelid hygiene, such as insufficient makeup removal or accumulated debris. Conditions like chronic blepharitis (inflammation of the eyelid margins), and certain skin conditions like rosacea and seborrheic dermatitis also increase risk. A chalazion can also develop after a stye has healed, leaving a persistent blockage.
Managing a Chalazion
Most chalazia can be managed with home treatments to encourage drainage. Applying warm compresses to the affected eyelid is a primary approach. Hold a clean cloth soaked in warm water against the eyelid for 10 to 15 minutes, three to six times a day. This consistent heat softens hardened oil within the blocked gland, promoting drainage.
Gentle massage after a warm compress can further assist in clearing the obstruction. Using a clean finger, lightly massage the area around the chalazion in circular motions to release trapped oil. Avoid squeezing or attempting to pop the chalazion, as this can worsen inflammation, introduce infection, or cause damage to the eyelid tissue. Many chalazia resolve within a few weeks to a month with diligent home care.
If home remedies do not improve the condition, medical interventions may be necessary. For persistent chalazia, an eye doctor might recommend a steroid injection directly into the lump to reduce inflammation and shrink it. If the chalazion is large, affects vision, or does not respond to other treatments, a minor surgical procedure to drain it may be performed.
Preventing Future Chalazia and Seeking Medical Advice
Preventing chalazia recurrence involves maintaining good eyelid hygiene. Regularly cleaning the eyelids helps remove excess oils, debris, and makeup that can clog meibomian glands. Use a clean, warm washcloth, diluted baby shampoo, or specialized eyelid cleansers. Always remove eye makeup thoroughly before bed and replace old eye cosmetics to reduce blockage risk.
Practice good hand hygiene, washing hands before touching eyes or handling contact lenses. Avoiding frequent eye rubbing prevents the introduction of dirt and bacteria that contribute to gland blockage. These measures are beneficial for those who have experienced chalazia.
While many chalazia resolve with home care, seek medical attention if the lump persists for over a month or continues to grow. Consult an eye care professional if the chalazion causes significant pain, affects vision, or shows signs of infection like spreading redness, increased tenderness, or discharge. Recurrent chalazia or any diagnostic uncertainty also warrant a doctor’s visit.