The butterfly bush (Buddleia davidii) is a popular ornamental shrub known for its long, colorful flower spikes and its ability to attract butterflies and other pollinators. Gardeners seek out this shrub for its vibrant display and relatively low maintenance needs. For those gardening in areas with high deer populations, however, the plant’s vulnerability to browsing is a major concern. Understanding how this shrub fares against deer is necessary before planting.
The Deer Resistance Status
The butterfly bush is generally regarded as highly resistant to browsing deer, making it a favored choice for gardens where deer are a problem. University extension ratings often place it in the “Rarely Damaged” category. This indicates that deer choose to eat it only when preferred food sources are scarce, placing the shrub low on the deer’s menu.
The term “deer-resistant” does not translate to “deer-proof.” An extremely hungry deer, particularly during winter or severe drought, may still sample the plant. Browsing, if it occurs, is usually limited to the tender, new growth or flower buds, not extensive damage to mature woody stems. The shrub’s rapid growth rate allows it to recover quickly from minor browsing.
Why Deer Usually Avoid Butterfly Bush
Deer avoid the butterfly bush due to its physical and chemical structure. The leaves possess a fuzzy or woolly texture, which is unappealing to a deer’s palate and mouthfeel. Deer prefer smooth, succulent foliage, and the fine hairs on Buddleia leaves act as a physical deterrent, causing them to seek easier-to-chew alternatives.
The plant also contains chemical compounds that give it an undesirable taste and smell. The foliage and stems contain mild alkaloids, natural substances that are generally bitter and unappetizing to grazing animals. The strong, somewhat musky scent emitted by the leaves also acts as a repellent, since deer rely heavily on their sense of smell to gauge palatability. These internal defenses signal that the shrub is not a high-quality food source, encouraging deer to bypass it.
Protecting Your Plants From Hungry Deer
While the butterfly bush has inherent defenses, gardeners may need supplemental protection if browsing occurs.
Using Deterrent Sprays
The application of commercial scent or taste deterrent sprays can discourage persistent deer. These products often contain active ingredients like putrescent egg solids. They need to be reapplied periodically, especially after heavy rain, to maintain effectiveness on new growth.
Physical Barriers
Temporary physical barriers are a reliable way to protect young plants as they establish themselves. Encircling new shrubs with wire cages or temporary netting for the first year prevents deer from sampling tender new shoots. Once the plant matures and develops woody stems, the need for these barriers diminishes.
Strategic Placement
Strategic planting can also help deter deer. Locating the shrubs close to areas of high human activity, such as near a house or patio, makes deer hesitant to approach. Additionally, planting the butterfly bush near other strongly scented deer-deterrent plants like lavender, sage, or ornamental grasses creates a less appealing environment for foraging deer.