A mole is a common skin growth that develops when pigment-producing cells, called melanocytes, cluster together instead of spreading evenly across the skin. Most adults have between 10 and 40 moles, which can appear anywhere on the body. While the majority of moles are harmless, a bleeding mole can raise concerns about potential underlying issues.
Benign Reasons a Mole Might Bleed
Moles can bleed for several non-serious reasons, often related to external factors. Physical trauma is a common cause, such as scratching, rubbing, or nicking a mole during shaving. Moles, especially raised ones, are more susceptible to injury as they protrude and can catch on clothing or jewelry.
Even minor irritation can lead to bleeding. Friction from clothing, accessories, or skin care products can weaken surrounding tissue, making the mole prone to bleeding. Vigorous scratching of an itchy mole can also break the skin. Bleeding from such injuries is generally not a cause for significant worry.
When a Bleeding Mole Signals Concern
A bleeding mole can indicate a more serious issue, such as melanoma, a type of skin cancer. Spontaneous bleeding, especially without obvious trauma, is a potential warning sign. With melanoma, a mole may break down, leading to fragile skin that cracks, oozes, or bleeds repeatedly.
Dermatologists use the “ABCDE” rule to help identify moles that might be cancerous.
Asymmetry: One half of the mole does not match the other.
Borders: Irregular, jagged, blurred, or notched edges.
Color: Multiple shades like brown, black, red, or blue.
Diameter: Larger than 6 millimeters (about the size of a pencil eraser).
Evolving: Any changes in size, shape, color, or symptoms such as new bleeding, itching, or crusting.
Any mole exhibiting these changes, particularly new bleeding, should be evaluated by a medical professional.
Immediate Steps and Medical Consultation
If a mole bleeds, immediate first aid can help. Gently clean the area with soap and warm water, then apply direct pressure with a clean cloth or sterile dressing to stop the bleeding. For moderate bleeding, hold pressure for about 30 seconds. After bleeding stops, apply antibacterial ointment and cover the area with a bandage to prevent infection.
Seek professional medical attention for any bleeding mole, even if the bleeding has stopped. This is especially true if bleeding occurs without a clear benign cause, or if the mole shows concerning ABCDE signs. A dermatologist can visually inspect the mole, often using a dermatoscope. If suspicious, a biopsy may be performed to check for cancerous cells.
Proactive Skin Health and Monitoring
Regular self-skin exams are important for proactive skin health, helping individuals identify changes in their moles. Perform a self-exam monthly, checking all body areas, including those not typically sun-exposed. During these exams, pay close attention to new spots or changes in existing moles, keeping the ABCDE rule in mind.
Annual professional skin checks by a dermatologist are recommended, especially for individuals over 40 or those with a higher skin cancer risk, such as a family history or numerous moles. Sun protection also reduces the risk of problematic moles. This includes limiting sun exposure during peak hours (10 a.m. to 4 p.m.), seeking shade, wearing protective clothing, and regularly applying broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30.