A cough during pregnancy is a common experience that often brings discomfort and worry about the baby’s safety. The physiological changes of pregnancy can make expectant mothers more susceptible to respiratory symptoms, leading to an irritating, persistent cough. Understanding the typical causes and knowing which relief strategies are safe can help manage this condition effectively.
Common Causes and Safety Concerns
The immune system naturally adjusts during pregnancy to accommodate the developing fetus, leaving the body more vulnerable to common infections like colds and the flu. Hormonal shifts also increase mucus production, often leading to postnasal drip, a common non-infectious cause of coughing.
Another frequent contributor is Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD), or acid reflux, which is aggravated as the growing uterus puts pressure on the stomach. Stomach acid can travel up the esophagus and irritate the throat, triggering a cough, especially when lying down. While the cough itself may feel forceful and concerning, the mechanical action does not typically pose a risk to the fetus.
The baby is securely protected within the uterus, cushioned by amniotic fluid and strong uterine muscles. Even a severe coughing fit is unlikely to jostle or harm the baby. The primary concern with a bad cough is the mother’s health, as persistent coughing can lead to exhaustion, muscle strain, and difficulty sleeping, indirectly affecting overall well-being.
Safe Home Remedies for Relief
Focusing on non-pharmacological methods is the preferred first step for managing a cough during pregnancy. Staying well-hydrated is important because fluids help thin mucus secretions, making a productive cough more effective and soothing a dry cough. Drinking warm liquids, such as herbal tea with a spoonful of honey, can coat the throat and reduce irritation.
Using a humidifier, particularly in the bedroom at night, adds moisture to the air. This helps keep nasal passages and throat membranes from drying out and triggering cough reflexes. Inhaling steam from a hot shower or a bowl of hot water can also temporarily ease congestion and soothe the airways.
If acid reflux is suspected, elevating the head of the bed by several inches can help prevent stomach contents from irritating the throat while sleeping. Gargling with warm salt water several times a day is also an effective technique for temporarily relieving throat pain and inflammation associated with a cough.
Navigating Over-the-Counter Medications
Before taking any over-the-counter (OTC) medicine, consulting a healthcare provider is necessary, as medication safety can change depending on the stage of pregnancy. For cough suppression, the ingredient dextromethorphan is generally considered safer for short-term use during pregnancy. If the cough is wet and involves chest congestion, guaifenesin, an expectorant, can help thin and loosen mucus secretions.
Acetaminophen is considered a first-choice option for managing fever or body aches that might accompany a cough. However, it is important to choose products containing only a single active ingredient to avoid unnecessary exposure to other compounds. Multi-symptom products, such as those labeled “cold and flu,” often contain ingredients that should be avoided.
Ingredients to avoid include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen and naproxen, which carry risks especially later in pregnancy. Decongestants like phenylephrine and pseudoephedrine are also generally advised against, particularly during the first trimester. Additionally, liquid formulations containing a high alcohol content should be avoided.
When to Contact Your Healthcare Provider
While most coughs are self-limiting, certain symptoms require professional medical attention to rule out a more serious infection. If the cough persists for longer than seven to ten days without any sign of improvement, it should be evaluated by a healthcare provider. A cough accompanied by a fever higher than 100.4°F (38°C) also requires a medical assessment.
You should contact your healthcare provider immediately if you experience:
- Shortness of breath, wheezing, or difficulty breathing.
- Chest pain, especially when taking a deep breath or coughing.
- Thick, discolored mucus, such as green or yellow phlegm.
- Coughing up blood.