Blood sugar, or glucose, is the main sugar in your bloodstream. It provides the primary energy source for all body cells. Your body gets glucose from carbohydrates in food and drinks. Maintaining stable blood sugar levels is important for overall health, as levels that are too high or too low can affect bodily functions. These levels naturally fluctuate throughout the day.
Understanding Blood Sugar Categories
Blood sugar levels are typically measured in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL). Healthcare professionals use specific ranges to categorize readings and determine metabolic health.
A fasting blood sugar test, taken after an eight-hour fast, is a common diagnostic tool. A normal fasting level is less than 100 mg/dL. Levels between 100 mg/dL and 125 mg/dL indicate prediabetes, where blood sugar is higher than normal but not yet high enough for a diabetes diagnosis. A fasting blood sugar of 126 mg/dL or higher on two separate tests indicates diabetes.
An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) assesses blood sugar before and two hours after consuming a sugary liquid. A normal two-hour post-glucose level is less than 140 mg/dL. Prediabetes is indicated by a two-hour reading between 140 mg/dL and 199 mg/dL. A level of 200 mg/dL or higher after two hours suggests diabetes.
The A1C test provides an average blood sugar level over the past two to three months. An A1C below 5.7% is normal, while 5.7% to 6.4% indicates prediabetes. An A1C of 6.5% or higher on two separate tests diagnoses diabetes.
Interpreting a 111 mg/dL Reading
A blood sugar reading of 111 mg/dL has different implications depending on its context. This single measurement is not sufficient for a definitive diagnosis and requires further medical evaluation.
If 111 mg/dL was a fasting blood sugar reading, it falls within the prediabetes range. Fasting glucose levels between 100 mg/dL and 125 mg/dL are classified as prediabetes. This indicates elevated blood sugar, increasing the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
If 111 mg/dL was a non-fasting or random reading, such as after a meal, it is generally considered within a healthy range. Blood sugar levels naturally rise after eating, and a reading of 111 mg/dL post-meal is typically not a concern. For most healthy individuals, non-fasting levels are usually below 140 mg/dL.
Factors Affecting Blood Sugar Levels
Blood sugar levels are dynamic and fluctuate due to various influences throughout the day. External and internal factors can cause temporary shifts.
Recent food intake significantly impacts blood sugar, especially the type and quantity of carbohydrates consumed. Physical activity levels also play a role, as exercise helps muscles use glucose for energy, which can lower blood sugar. Stress and illness can trigger the release of hormones that may temporarily raise blood sugar levels.
Other factors include certain medications, hydration status, and sleep quality. Even the time of day can influence readings. Understanding these variables helps explain why blood sugar readings are rarely static and underscores the need for context when interpreting results.
Maintaining Healthy Blood Sugar
If you receive a blood sugar reading of 111 mg/dL, particularly if it was a fasting measurement, consulting a healthcare professional is a good next step. A doctor can provide proper diagnosis and personalized guidance.
They may recommend follow-up tests, such as a repeated fasting glucose test, an A1C test, or an oral glucose tolerance test, to confirm the initial finding and get a more complete picture of your blood sugar control. These tests help determine if the elevated level is an isolated incident or indicative of prediabetes.
Adopting certain lifestyle changes can help manage and maintain healthy blood sugar levels. Eating a balanced diet rich in whole foods, fiber, and limiting refined sugars supports stable glucose. Regular physical activity, maintaining a healthy weight, and effectively managing stress are also beneficial. Prioritizing adequate sleep further contributes to overall metabolic health.