Blood sugar, or glucose, is a primary energy source for the body’s cells, derived from the foods consumed. Maintaining healthy blood sugar levels is important for overall bodily function and long-term well-being. Regular monitoring of these levels provides valuable insights into how effectively the body is processing glucose.
Understanding Blood Sugar Readings
Blood sugar readings are measured in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL). A reading of 195 mg/dL is considered high and falls outside the normal range for individuals without diabetes. Normal fasting blood sugar levels are below 100 mg/dL, while two hours after a meal, they should remain below 140 mg/dL.
A fasting blood sugar level between 100 and 125 mg/dL indicates prediabetes, where blood sugar is elevated but not yet at diabetes levels. A reading of 126 mg/dL or higher on two separate fasting tests confirms a diagnosis of diabetes. A random blood sugar reading of 200 mg/dL or higher can suggest diabetes. Context (time of day, fasting status, last meal) is important for accurate interpretation.
Common Causes of Elevated Blood Sugar
Lifestyle choices play a role, including diets rich in refined carbohydrates and sugars, and insufficient physical activity. Chronic stress can also elevate blood sugar by triggering the release of hormones that lead to insulin resistance.
Medical conditions like insulin resistance, where the body’s cells do not respond effectively to insulin, are a common cause of elevated blood sugar. Both Type 1 diabetes, an autoimmune condition where the body produces little to no insulin, and Type 2 diabetes, where the body doesn’t use insulin properly or doesn’t make enough, result in high glucose. Temporary factors such as illness, infection, or the use of certain medications like steroids can also cause blood sugar spikes. Hormonal changes, including those during pregnancy (gestational diabetes), can affect glucose regulation.
Recognizing Symptoms and Immediate Steps
High blood sugar, known as hyperglycemia, has recognizable symptoms. These can include increased thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, and blurred vision. Some individuals may also experience unexplained weight loss. These symptoms usually develop gradually, and some people with high blood sugar, especially those with Type 2 diabetes, may not experience noticeable symptoms.
If a blood sugar reading is 195 mg/dL, contact a healthcare professional for guidance. Avoiding sugary foods and drinks and increasing water intake can help in the short term. A single high reading does not automatically confirm a diagnosis, but it indicates a need for further medical evaluation and consistent monitoring.
Strategies for Managing Blood Sugar
Long-term management of blood sugar involves lifestyle strategies. A balanced diet focusing on whole foods, lean proteins, and non-starchy vegetables while limiting processed sugars and refined carbohydrates. Regular physical activity helps the body use glucose more efficiently and improves insulin sensitivity. Aiming for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise weekly is recommended.
Maintaining a healthy weight is important, as excess body fat, especially around the abdomen, can contribute to insulin resistance. Adequate hydration supports metabolic function. Stress management techniques, such as deep breathing or hobbies, can help regulate blood sugar levels, which can rise during periods of stress. Consistent blood sugar monitoring, as guided by a healthcare provider, allows for adjustments to diet, exercise, or medication to keep levels within target ranges. While lifestyle changes are foundational, medication may be necessary for some individuals and should be used as prescribed by a doctor.
Potential Long-Term Complications
Prolonged, unmanaged high blood sugar can lead to serious health issues. Cardiovascular diseases, including heart attack and stroke, are long-term complications due to damage to blood vessels. Kidney disease, or nephropathy, can develop, leading to kidney failure.
Nerve damage, known as neuropathy, can cause numbness, tingling, or pain, particularly in the hands and feet. Eye problems, such as retinopathy, can progress to vision loss or blindness. Foot issues, including infections and ulcers, can arise from nerve damage and poor circulation. Early detection and consistent management of blood sugar levels are important in preventing or delaying the onset of these complications.