Blood pressure measures the force of blood against the walls of your arteries as it circulates throughout your body. It serves as a significant indicator of overall cardiovascular health. Understanding what your blood pressure numbers mean, such as a reading of 108/67, is an important step in managing your well-being. This article aims to clarify how blood pressure is measured and interpreted, helping you understand your own readings.
Decoding Blood Pressure Numbers
A blood pressure reading consists of two distinct numbers, presented as a fraction. The top number is known as systolic pressure, which measures the pressure in your arteries when your heart beats and pumps blood.
The bottom number is the diastolic pressure. This measurement indicates the pressure in your arteries when your heart rests between beats. Both systolic and diastolic pressures are considered together for a complete assessment.
Blood Pressure Categories Explained
Healthcare professionals categorize blood pressure readings into several ranges to assess cardiovascular health. These categories help determine if a person’s blood pressure is within a healthy range or if it indicates a need for lifestyle adjustments or medical intervention. These categories guide diagnosis and treatment.
Normal blood pressure is defined as a systolic pressure of less than 120 mm Hg and a diastolic pressure of less than 80 mm Hg. A reading of 108/67 mm Hg falls within this normal range, indicating a healthy blood pressure for most adults.
Elevated blood pressure occurs when the systolic pressure is between 120 and 129 mm Hg, and the diastolic pressure is still less than 80 mm Hg. This stage suggests a heightened risk of developing high blood pressure and often prompts recommendations for lifestyle changes.
Hypertension Stage 1 is diagnosed when systolic pressure ranges from 130 to 139 mm Hg or diastolic pressure is between 80 and 89 mm Hg. This stage often requires lifestyle modifications and, in some cases, medication, especially if other risk factors for heart disease are present. Hypertension Stage 2 is characterized by a systolic pressure of 140 mm Hg or higher, or a diastolic pressure of 90 mm Hg or higher. At this stage, healthcare providers recommend both lifestyle changes and blood pressure medication to manage the condition. A hypertensive crisis, a medical emergency, occurs when blood pressure readings are higher than 180/120 mm Hg. Immediate medical attention is necessary if blood pressure reaches these levels, particularly if accompanied by symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, or vision changes.
Factors Affecting Blood Pressure
Several factors can influence an individual’s blood pressure readings. Age is a common factor, as blood pressure tends to increase as people get older due to stiffening of large arteries. Genetics also play a role, as a family history of high blood pressure can increase an individual’s susceptibility.
Dietary habits, particularly high sodium intake, can significantly impact blood pressure by causing the body to retain fluid. Conversely, a diet rich in potassium, found in fruits and vegetables, can help balance sodium levels. Physical activity levels also contribute, with regular exercise promoting lower blood pressure, while inactivity can lead to higher readings.
Chronic stress can temporarily elevate blood pressure through hormone release. Smoking damages blood vessels and narrows arteries, raising blood pressure and increasing the risk of heart disease. Excessive alcohol consumption can also contribute to elevated blood pressure over time, as can certain medical conditions like kidney disease or thyroid disorders, and some medications.
Maintaining Healthy Blood Pressure
Maintaining a healthy blood pressure involves consistent lifestyle choices. Adopting a balanced eating pattern, such as one emphasizing fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins, contributes to cardiovascular health. Reducing intake of saturated and trans fats, cholesterol, and added sugars also supports healthy blood pressure.
Regular physical activity is important for blood pressure management. Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity exercise per week. Activities like brisk walking, swimming, or cycling can strengthen the heart and improve blood vessel flexibility.
Managing stress effectively through techniques such as meditation, deep breathing exercises, or engaging in hobbies can help prevent temporary blood pressure spikes. Limiting sodium intake to less than 2,300 milligrams per day helps prevent fluid retention. Moderating alcohol consumption to no more than one drink per day for women and two for men can support healthy blood pressure levels. Maintaining a healthy weight also helps reduce the strain on the heart and blood vessels.
When to Consult a Healthcare Professional
Even with a healthy blood pressure reading like 108/67, regular medical check-ups are advisable. These allow healthcare professionals to monitor blood pressure trends and identify subtle changes, aiding early detection.
You should consult a healthcare professional if your blood pressure readings consistently trend upwards, even if they remain below the hypertension threshold. It is also important to seek medical advice if you experience symptoms that could be related to high blood pressure, such as severe headaches, vision changes, or dizziness, regardless of your latest reading. These symptoms might indicate underlying issues that require evaluation. Healthcare providers can offer personalized advice, conduct further tests if needed, and develop a management plan tailored to your specific health profile. Self-diagnosis or delaying professional consultation can lead to missed opportunities for early intervention and improved health outcomes.