Blood pressure is a measurement that reflects the force exerted by circulating blood against the walls of the body’s arteries. Monitoring this measurement provides important insight into the mechanical workload of the heart and the condition of the blood vessels. Maintaining this pressure within a healthy range is fundamental for supporting cardiovascular function and preventing long-term damage. Consistent tracking helps identify potential issues early, allowing for timely adjustments in lifestyle or medical management.
Understanding the Two Numbers
A blood pressure reading is always given as two numbers, measured in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg), representing two distinct phases of the cardiac cycle. The top number is the systolic pressure, which measures the force against the artery walls immediately after the heart contracts and pushes blood out. This represents the maximum pressure achieved during the heartbeat. The bottom number is the diastolic pressure, which reflects the pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest, between beats. Both values are significant indicators of cardiovascular health, representing pressure dynamics during pumping and resting phases.
Official Blood Pressure Categories
Health organizations use standardized classifications to interpret blood pressure readings and guide medical interventions. The lowest risk category is “Normal,” defined as a systolic pressure less than 120 mm Hg and a diastolic pressure less than 80 mm Hg.
The next classification is “Elevated” blood pressure, which occurs when the systolic pressure is between 120 and 129 mm Hg and the diastolic pressure remains less than 80 mm Hg. This level signals an increased risk and often prompts a recommendation for lifestyle changes.
Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is separated into two stages. Stage 1 Hypertension is diagnosed when the systolic pressure is between 130 and 139 mm Hg or the diastolic pressure is between 80 and 89 mm Hg. Stage 2 Hypertension is defined by a systolic reading of 140 mm Hg or higher or a diastolic reading of 90 mm Hg or higher.
Analyzing 103/68: What Does It Mean?
The reading of 103/68 mm Hg falls comfortably within the “Normal” blood pressure category. Since the systolic pressure (103) is less than 120 mm Hg and the diastolic pressure (68) is less than 80 mm Hg, this reading suggests a healthy, optimal force on the artery walls. This level minimizes strain on the heart and blood vessels over time.
This reading is well above the thresholds for hypotension, or low blood pressure, typically defined as a systolic reading below 90 mm Hg or a diastolic reading below 60 mm Hg. While 103/68 is considered healthy, a person should still pay attention to how they feel. If this technically normal reading is accompanied by symptoms such as lightheadedness, dizziness, or fainting, it may suggest the pressure is too low for that individual’s specific needs.
Factors Influencing a Single Reading
A single blood pressure measurement provides only a snapshot of your cardiovascular status at that moment. Many temporary variables can significantly influence the result, such as consuming caffeine or tobacco products within 30 minutes of the measurement.
Temporary Variables
Physical factors, including having a full bladder, talking during the measurement, or having an unsupported arm, can lead to inaccurate, often higher, readings. Emotional states, such as stress or anxiety, can also temporarily elevate pressure, a phenomenon sometimes called “white coat syndrome” when it occurs in a medical setting.
Importance of Consistency
Healthcare professionals emphasize obtaining multiple, consistent readings over time to establish a true average. If the 103/68 reading is consistent, it is a positive sign. However, if you experience persistent dizziness, consulting a healthcare provider is the appropriate next step for personalized advice.