The absence of natural teeth, known as being edentulous, fundamentally changes the focus of daily oral care. When a person no longer has teeth, the answer to whether they should brush their gums is yes. This practice shifts from preventing tooth decay to maintaining the integrity of the soft tissues and underlying bone structure. Proper hygiene for the gums, tongue, and palate is a foundational requirement for comfort and overall oral health, especially for those who wear dentures.
Why Cleaning the Gums is Necessary
The mouth remains a biological environment where bacteria and fungi thrive. Even without teeth, the oral mucosa attracts a sticky layer of microorganisms known as biofilm, which is the same substance that forms plaque. Accumulation of this biofilm quickly leads to irritation and infection on the tissues that support a prosthetic.
The moist, warm environment beneath a denture creates ideal conditions for the overgrowth of the fungus Candida albicans. This fungal proliferation is the primary cause of denture stomatitis, a common condition characterized by redness and inflammation. Daily mechanical cleaning of the gums removes food debris and significantly reduces the microbial load, preventing this painful inflammation.
The act of cleaning provides necessary physical stimulation to the gingival tissues. Massaging the gums encourages blood circulation in the oral mucosa. Enhanced blood flow helps keep the tissue firm and healthy, promoting its ability to resist injury and infection. Stimulated, healthy tissue is less likely to break down and become susceptible to trauma from the denture itself.
Techniques for Cleaning Edentulous Ridges
Mechanical removal of debris and biofilm requires a deliberate approach. The most effective tool is a soft-bristled toothbrush, used to gently scrub the entire surface of the gum ridges, including the area where the denture rests. Alternatively, a finger brush or a piece of gauze dampened with water may be more comfortable for massaging the tissue.
The cleaning motion should be a gentle, circular or back-and-forth scrubbing action across the entire edentulous ridge. Extend this cleaning to the roof of the mouth (palate) and the tongue, as these areas also harbor microbial populations. A mild, non-abrasive toothpaste is acceptable, but using water is often sufficient and avoids potential tissue irritation. This routine should be performed at least once daily, typically when dentures are removed for the night.
Preserving the Health of Underlying Tissues
Consistent cleaning of the edentulous ridges offers significant long-term protection for the oral foundation. Healthy, well-maintained gum tissue is less prone to chronic inflammation like stomatitis, which compromises the stability and comfort of dental prosthetics. Properly stimulated tissue provides a firm, resilient base for dentures, preventing irritation that leads to painful sores.
Maintaining the health of the soft tissue plays a protective role for the underlying alveolar bone structure. Irritated or chronically inflamed gums accelerate bone resorption, where the jawbone slowly shrinks and changes shape. Consistent gum care helps maintain the integrity of the supportive tissue, ensuring the stable fit of current dentures. A healthy, stable foundation is also required for any future prosthetic work, such as dental implants.