When a mother develops a fever, concerns about breastfeeding safety are natural. However, in most instances, breastfeeding can safely continue, offering significant benefits to the baby even when the mother is unwell.
Breastfeeding Safety During Maternal Fever
Breastfeeding is generally safe and often beneficial when a mother has a fever because illness-causing germs and the mother’s immune response do not typically harm the baby through breast milk. The body produces antibodies in response to an infection. These antibodies are then transferred to the baby through breast milk, providing a form of passive immunity that helps protect the infant.
The baby has likely already been exposed to the germs causing the mother’s fever before symptoms appear, as they share the same environment. Receiving these protective antibodies through breast milk can help reduce the risk of the baby contracting the illness or lessen its severity. Common causes of maternal fever, such as a cold, flu, or a breast infection like mastitis, typically do not require stopping breastfeeding. For mastitis, continuing to nurse or express milk from the affected breast is usually recommended to help clear the infection.
Managing Maternal Illness and Infant Well-being
When a mother has a fever, self-care is important for recovery and to support continued breastfeeding. Staying well-hydrated is beneficial. Getting adequate rest is also helpful for recovery. If fever-reducing medication is needed, acetaminophen and ibuprofen are generally considered safe options for breastfeeding mothers, as only small amounts transfer into breast milk. Always consult a healthcare provider before taking any medication to ensure it is appropriate for both mother and baby.
Mothers should observe their baby for any changes in behavior or health. Signs that might warrant concern include changes in feeding patterns, unusual lethargy, or a high fever in the infant. While breastfeeding is safe with most common fevers, medical attention for the mother may be necessary if the fever is very high (e.g., above 102°F or 38.5°C and persisting for more than a day), if symptoms worsen, or if there are signs of a more severe infection. In rare cases, certain severe illnesses, such as untreated active tuberculosis, HIV (in some regions), or specific medications like chemotherapy, may contraindicate breastfeeding. A healthcare provider can offer personalized guidance on managing illness and ensuring the well-being of both mother and baby.