Blood pressure is the force exerted by circulating blood against artery walls. This measurement indicates cardiovascular health. Maintaining healthy blood pressure is important for overall well-being, as deviations can impact various bodily systems.
Understanding Blood Pressure Readings
A blood pressure reading consists of two numbers. The top number, systolic pressure, measures the pressure in the arteries when the heart beats. The bottom number, diastolic pressure, measures the pressure when the heart rests between beats. Both measurements are expressed in millimeters of mercury (mmHg).
Blood Pressure Categories and 138/82
Blood pressure readings are categorized by American Heart Association (AHA) and American College of Cardiology (ACC) guidelines. Normal blood pressure is less than 120/80 mmHg. Elevated blood pressure ranges from 120-129 mmHg systolic and less than 80 mmHg diastolic.
A reading of 138/82 mmHg falls into Stage 1 Hypertension. This category applies when systolic pressure is 130-139 mmHg or diastolic pressure is 80-89 mmHg. Stage 2 Hypertension is 140/90 mmHg or higher. If systolic and diastolic numbers fall into different categories, the higher category determines the overall classification.
Implications of This Classification
Stage 1 Hypertension indicates an increased risk for various health problems if not managed over time. High blood pressure can damage blood vessels and strain the heart. This can lead to serious conditions such as heart disease, including coronary artery disease and heart failure.
Risks also extend to stroke, as damaged vessels can lead to blockages or ruptures in the brain. Kidney disease or failure can result from impaired blood flow to the kidneys. Individuals with Stage 1 Hypertension face a higher risk of cardiovascular events compared to those with normal blood pressure.
Managing Your Blood Pressure
Managing blood pressure, especially at Stage 1, often begins with lifestyle modifications. A heart-healthy diet, such as the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) eating plan, emphasizes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins while limiting saturated fats and sodium. Reducing sodium intake to less than 2,300 milligrams per day, and ideally to 1,500 milligrams for many adults, can improve blood pressure.
Regular physical activity is also beneficial, with a goal of at least 30 minutes of moderate exercise most days of the week. Maintaining a healthy weight, limiting alcohol consumption, and quitting smoking also contribute to blood pressure control. Stress management techniques, such as meditation, deep breathing, and adequate sleep, support cardiovascular health. Consulting a healthcare professional is important for personalized advice, regular monitoring, and to determine if medication is needed in addition to lifestyle changes.