A tampon cannot be “lost” inside the body because the cervix blocks the way to the rest of the body. However, a tampon can become lodged high up, making the retrieval string inaccessible. Determining if a tampon is retained involves immediate self-checks followed by observation for potential symptoms. This article provides practical guidance for locating a potentially retained tampon and identifying the signs that warrant professional medical attention.
Immediate Steps for Locating the Tampon
Before attempting a physical check, wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water to minimize the introduction of new bacteria. Trimming or filing fingernails can prevent abrasions to the vaginal tissues during the search. Assume a comfortable position that allows for maximum reach, such as squatting, sitting on the toilet with knees apart, or standing with one leg elevated.
Gently insert one or two clean fingers into the vagina, sweeping in a circular motion to feel for the tampon or its retrieval string. The tampon is often compressed near the cervix at the very top of the canal. Bearing down gently, as if having a bowel movement, can sometimes help push the tampon lower toward the vaginal opening. If you feel the tampon, gently grip it with two fingers and pull it out; never use tools or objects other than your fingers for removal.
Indicators of a Retained Tampon
If the self-check is unsuccessful, the body provides localized signals that a tampon has been left inside too long. The most noticeable and common sign is a sudden, strong, foul odor that is distinctly abnormal. This odor is caused by the overgrowth of bacteria on the tampon itself.
This bacterial overgrowth often leads to an unusual vaginal discharge, which may appear brown, yellow, green, or gray. Other localized symptoms include mild irritation, itching around the vulva or inside the vagina, or a general feeling of pelvic discomfort or pressure. These signs indicate a localized infection or irritation from the foreign object, and are distinct from the systemic symptoms of Toxic Shock Syndrome.
Understanding Toxic Shock Syndrome
Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS) is a rare but life-threatening systemic illness caused by toxins released by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bacteria. A retained tampon creates an environment where this bacteria can multiply and produce toxins that enter the bloodstream. While the overall risk of developing TSS is extremely low, prolonged tampon use, generally beyond the recommended eight hours, increases the likelihood.
The toxins quickly affect multiple organ systems, leading to a sudden and rapid onset of severe symptoms. Key systemic indicators include a sudden high fever, typically 102°F (38.9°C) or higher, accompanied by flu-like symptoms such as muscle aches and chills. A sudden drop in blood pressure, which can cause dizziness or fainting, is a serious sign of TSS.
Other severe symptoms include vomiting, diarrhea, and a sunburn-like rash that can appear anywhere on the body, often on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. This rash is a sign of the widespread inflammatory response caused by the bacterial toxins. Confusion or disorientation are also indicators that the illness is progressing.
When to Seek Professional Medical Care
Immediate professional medical attention is required in two scenarios. The first is if you are unable to locate or remove the tampon yourself after attempting the self-removal steps. A healthcare provider can typically remove a retained tampon quickly and easily using a speculum to visualize the vaginal canal.
The second, and more urgent, scenario is the onset of any systemic symptoms, even if you are unsure whether a tampon is present. Experiencing a sudden high fever, lightheadedness, vomiting, diarrhea, or a sunburn-like rash requires an immediate visit to an emergency department. TSS is a medical emergency that progresses rapidly, and prompt treatment, including removal of the foreign object and antibiotics, is necessary to prevent severe complications like organ failure.