Seeing the root of your tooth indicates gum recession, a condition where the gum tissue pulls back, exposing the tooth’s root surface. This exposure can happen gradually and may not always cause immediate discomfort. However, it warrants prompt attention from a dental professional to prevent further complications.
Understanding Exposed Tooth Roots
A tooth consists of a crown (the visible part above the gum line) and a root, which anchors it in the jawbone. Normally, gum tissue and bone cover and protect the root. When gum recession occurs, this tissue pulls away, revealing the previously covered root surface. This exposure means the tooth’s protective layers are no longer intact.
The root surface is covered by a softer material called cementum, which is not as durable as the enamel covering the crown. This difference makes the exposed root more susceptible to problems. Loss of gum tissue also removes a natural barrier against bacteria and plaque buildup.
Common Causes of Root Exposure
One common cause of gum recession is aggressive tooth brushing, especially with a hard-bristled toothbrush or excessive force. This mechanical abrasion can wear away delicate gum tissue and even the tooth surface near the gum line. Improper brushing techniques contribute significantly, even with a soft brush.
Periodontal disease, or gum disease, is another frequent cause. This bacterial infection inflames the gums, destroying gum tissue and underlying bone. As the disease progresses, gums pull away, creating pockets for bacteria, further exacerbating recession. Genetic predisposition also plays a role; some individuals have naturally thinner gum tissue or bone, making them more susceptible even with good oral hygiene.
Misaligned teeth can contribute to root exposure due to uneven biting forces or difficulty cleaning. When teeth do not meet properly, some areas may experience excessive pressure, leading to gum tissue breakdown. Teeth grinding or clenching (bruxism) also exerts undue force, potentially contributing to gum recession. Dental trauma, such as an injury or blow to a tooth, can directly damage gum tissue and cause recession.
Associated Symptoms and Complications
When tooth roots become exposed, a common symptom is increased tooth sensitivity. The exposed root surface contains thousands of tiny tubules leading to the tooth’s nerve. Exposure to hot, cold, sweet, or acidic foods and drinks transmits sensations directly to the nerve, causing sharp or lingering pain. This sensitivity can range from mild discomfort to significant pain, interfering with daily activities.
Pain can also arise from direct irritation of the exposed root or surrounding gum tissue. Beyond sensitivity, the aesthetic appearance of the teeth can change. Exposed roots make teeth appear longer, and the root surface may look darker or yellower than the enamel, creating a noticeable color difference. Gaps may also appear between teeth as gums recede.
An exposed root is more vulnerable to decay, as cementum is softer and less mineralized than enamel, making it easier for bacteria to penetrate. This can lead to root caries, a type of cavity on the root surface. The irregular surface also makes it challenging to clean effectively, promoting plaque and tartar buildup. This accumulation increases the risk of gum inflammation and recession progression.
Seeking Professional Care and Treatment
Consulting a dentist promptly is the first step when you notice an exposed tooth root. A dental professional can accurately diagnose the cause and extent of recession through a thorough examination, including measuring gum recession and assessing overall gum health. Early intervention can prevent the condition from worsening and address underlying issues.
Treatment options vary depending on the cause and severity. For mild sensitivity, your dentist might apply desensitizing agents, such as fluoride varnishes or bonding agents, to seal exposed tubules and reduce discomfort. These applications provide temporary or longer-lasting relief by creating a protective barrier. If the exposed root is prone to decay, fluoride treatments can strengthen the cementum and make it more resistant to cavities.
When recession is severe or causes significant aesthetic concerns, a gum graft procedure might be considered. This surgical procedure involves taking gum tissue from another area of your mouth (e.g., the palate) or using donor tissue, then attaching it to the receded area to cover the exposed root. Other treatments include root planing to smooth the root surface and remove bacterial toxins, or orthodontic treatment to correct misaligned teeth contributing to recession. The specific approach will be tailored to your individual needs.
Preventing Root Exposure
Preventing gum recession involves adopting proper oral hygiene habits. Use a soft-bristled toothbrush and gentle, circular motions when brushing to protect gum tissue from mechanical trauma. Brushing too hard wears away gums over time, so a light touch is advised. Consistent daily oral hygiene, including flossing, helps remove plaque and food particles, reducing gum inflammation risk.
Regular dental check-ups and professional cleanings are also important. During these visits, a hygienist can remove hardened plaque and tartar that brushing and flossing cannot. Your dentist can also identify early signs of gum problems or teeth grinding, which can be addressed with solutions like a custom-fitted nightguard. Addressing misaligned bites through orthodontic treatment can reduce uneven forces on the gums, helping prevent future recession.