A fibropapilloma is a common, benign skin growth, meaning it is not cancerous and does not spread to other parts of the body. They are composed of fibrous tissue for structure and epithelial tissue from the skin’s surface. These growths appear as small, soft tags of skin that project outwards from the surrounding area. While their appearance can cause concern, they are a common dermatological finding and do not pose a health risk.
Causes and Common Locations
The development of fibropapillomas is often associated with the Human Papillomavirus (HPV). Specific strains of this virus group are known to cause these benign skin growths by triggering an overgrowth of skin cells, leading to a papilloma’s formation. While HPV is a primary factor, its presence does not always result in skin growths.
Other factors can contribute to their formation, particularly chronic friction where skin rubs against skin or clothing. This constant irritation is thought to stimulate skin cell growth. Hormonal changes can also play a part, as they sometimes appear or increase in number during pregnancy. A genetic predisposition may also make some individuals more susceptible.
Due to friction, fibropapillomas are commonly found in specific body locations. The neck is a frequent site, where collars or jewelry cause rubbing. The armpits (axillae) and groin are other common areas because of skin-on-skin movement. They can also develop on the eyelids and under the breasts.
Diagnosis and Identification
Identifying a fibropapilloma begins with its physical characteristics. They are soft to the touch, can be moved easily, and their color often matches the person’s flesh tone but can be slightly darker (hyperpigmentation). A defining feature is the thin stalk, or peduncle, that attaches it to the skin, giving it a “tagged” or hanging appearance.
These features help differentiate them from other common skin growths. Unlike many types of warts, fibropapillomas are smoother and not as rough or cauliflower-like in texture. Compared to moles, which are typically flatter and more uniformly colored, fibropapillomas protrude more significantly from the skin.
A dermatologist can typically diagnose a fibropapilloma through a simple visual examination, assessing the growth’s shape, size, color, and location. In most cases, this inspection is sufficient. However, if a growth has an unusual appearance, such as multiple colors, rapid growth, or bleeding, a biopsy may be performed to rule out more serious conditions by analyzing a small tissue sample.
Treatment and Removal Options
Treatment for fibropapillomas is not medically necessary, as they are benign. Many individuals seek removal for cosmetic reasons or because a growth is irritated by clothing or jewelry. When removal is desired, a healthcare professional can determine the most suitable procedure based on the growth’s size and location.
Several effective medical procedures are available for removal:
- Cryotherapy, which involves freezing the growth with liquid nitrogen.
- Surgical excision, where a doctor uses a scalpel to cut the fibropapilloma off at its base.
- Electrocautery, or burning, which uses an electric current to destroy the tissue.
- Laser surgery, which employs a high-energy beam of light to achieve a similar result.
At-home removal methods are strongly discouraged. Over-the-counter kits or homemade solutions carry significant risks, including severe infection, uncontrolled bleeding, prominent scarring, and incomplete removal that can lead to regrowth. Professional medical removal ensures the procedure is done safely and effectively, minimizing complications.